Vocal Fold Physiology

Jiang, Jack J.; Lin, Emily; Hanson, David G.

doi:10.1016/s0030-6665(05)70238-3

Cited by 87 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Therefore, the present study was designed to examine the effect of physical activity at varying levels on voice characteristics. It was previously reported that an increase in laryngeal muscle tension leads to an increase in F0 [16]. The most prominent result of the present study was the elevation in F0, which occurred with the increase in physical activity level.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

The Effect of Physical Effort on Voice Characteristics

Primov-Fever

Lidor

Meckel

et al. 2013

Folia Phoniatr Logop

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Background: Individuals using their voice intensively during physical effort are at risk for developing voice problems. This study was aimed at examining the influence of physical activity on voice characteristics. Methods: Fourteen physical education students (age: 27 ± 4.23 years) were recorded in a resting position, and during mild, moderate, and high exercise intensities (active conditions). Participants were also recorded immediately after each activity, while standing (recovery condition). All recordings were analyzed acoustically. Results: A significant elevation in the fundamental frequency (F0) was observed with the increase in activity level (p < 0.05). For all other acoustic measures, a gradual increase was observed as the activity level was raised. This increase was statistically significant for a specific set of measures (jitter, PPQ5, and shimmer) during the active conditions. In most cases, significant contrasts were found only between the high activity level and the other levels. During the recovery conditions, a similar increase in values was observed. However, these findings failed to reach statistical significance. Conclusion: Findings imply that high levels of physical effort lead to a significant reduction in vocal stability and to an elevation in F0. These changes result from vocal effort and could therefore lead to voice disorders and pathology.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

The Effect of Physical Effort on Voice Characteristics

Primov-Fever

Lidor

Meckel

et al. 2013

Folia Phoniatr Logop

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“…This minimal subglottal pressure is necessary to drive the vocal cords into vibration. The fundamental frequency of a voice depends on the rapidity of vocal fold vibration, pharyngeal dimensions, and vocal fold length (11). Whenever the subglottal pressure is increased, the vocal fold vibrates faster and fundamental voice frequency is increased (25).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Manometric evidence for a phonation-induced UES contractile reflex

Perera¹,

Kern²,

Hofmann³

et al. 2008

American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physi

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The mechanism against entry of gastric content into the pharynx during high-intensity vocalization such as seen among professional singers is not known. We hypothesized that phonation-induced upper esophageal sphincter (UES) contraction enhances the pressure barrier against entry of gastroesophageal contents into pharynx. To determine and compare the effect of phonation on luminal pressures of the esophagus and its sphincters, we studied 17 healthy volunteers (7 male, 10 female) by concurrent high-resolution manometry and voice analysis. We tested high-and low-pitch vowel sounds. Findings were verified in six subjects by UES manometry using a water-perfused sleeve device. Eight of the volunteers (2 male, 6 female) had concurrent video fluoroscopy with high-resolution manometry and voice recording. Fluoroscopic images were analyzed for laryngeal movement. To define the sex-based effect, subgroup analysis was performed. All tested phonation frequencies and intensities induced a significant increase in UES pressure (UESP) compared with prephonation pressure. The magnitude of the UESP increase was significantly higher than that of the distal esophagus, the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), and the stomach. Concurrent videofluoroscopy did not show posterior laryngeal movement during phonation, eliminating a purely mechanical cause for phonation-induced UESP increase. Subgroup analysis demonstrated phonation-induced UESP increases in males that were significantly greater than those of females. Phonation induces a significant increase in UESP, suggesting the existence of a phonation-induced UES contractile reflex. UESP increase due to this reflex is significantly higher than that of the distal esophagus, LES, and stomach. The phonation-induced UESP increase is influenced by sex.upper esophageal sphincter ANATOMIC CONTINUITY OF THE stomach and lung necessitates the existence of elaborate defense mechanisms for prevention of retrograde aspiration. In the past several years our laboratory has been involved in studying these mechanisms. Our overall hypothesis has been that reflux-related upper gastrointestinal or respiratory events trigger a number of reflexes that prevent entry of refluxate into the aerodigestive tract and the lung. Examples of these mechanisms include upper esophageal sphincter (UES) contractile reflexes (14,18,22,28,30,34,36,37), secondary esophageal peristalsis (3,5,7,8,10,16,19,26), vocal cord closure reflexes (6,21,29,(31)(32)(33), and pharyngeal reflexive swallow (35) in response to esophageal or pharyngeal stimulation. The activation of airway-protective mechanisms in response to respiratory events with potential for causing reflux events such as phonation and cough has not been systematically studied.Phonation requires rapid opening and closing of the vocal folds to interrupt the air stream (25), accompanied by an increase in subglottal tracheal pressure that is believed to be generated by contraction of the diaphragm, simultaneously causing an increase in intra-abdominal pressure. This minimal su...

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“…Finally the vocal folds are once again closed (10) cutting off the air column. The vibratory cycle then repeats (Jiang et al, 2000;Reeve, 2005;Chapman, 2006). In voiced sounds, the lowest fundamental frequency is usually dominant and the one perceived as pitch.…”

Section: How the Larynx Makes A Soundmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The structure and composition of the vocal folds regulates vocal fold tension, and this is also important in determining F0 at which the vocal folds will vibrate (Titze, 1981;Colton, 1988;Jiang, et al, 2000). The vocal folds are multilayered structures comprising muscle and connective tissue with a mucosal covering (discussed in section 2.5.3).…”

Section: How the Larynx Makes A Soundmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The vocal folds must be long, thin and taut to produce high frequencies; conversely, producing low frequencies requires short, thick and relatively slack vocal folds. The control and coordination of the muscles involved in effecting these alterations of the vocal folds can be enhanced by training and mastery of vocal technique (Jiang, et al, 2000;Colton, et al, 2011;Mürbe, et al, 2011).…”

Section: Vocal Range and Voice Classification (Type)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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