Vocational education and the binary higher education system in the Netherlands: higher education symbiosis or vocational education dichotomy?

Abstract

The Netherlands has a binary higher education system in which academic education and higher professional education at EQF levels 5 to 8 co-exist. There is also secondary vocational education at EQF levels 1 up to 4. In this paper I analyse policy documents resulting from the Bologna Process and argue that under neoliberal conditions, higher professional education brings opportunities for both students and employers, but also creates a socioeconomic tension in terms of employability. The gap between higher professional education and secondary vocational education adds to the formation of a labour market in which higher professional education graduates are prepared to an international labour market but employability pressure is being put on lower skilled employees, creating unequal employability opportunities for vocational education graduates.

Individual development in a neoliberal context: Climbing to a ‘glass ceiling’? A plea for liberal pedagogy in upper secondary vocational education

“…The Dutch education system is based on the 1968 'Mammoth Law'. It is a binary system distinguishing vocational and academic education (see Van Houten, 2018), consisting of compulsory primary education and secondary education with national examination, is aimed at attaining a certain level of knowledge and skills. After initial secondary school, students proceed to job-preparatory or academic education.…”

Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Berbasis Mobile Learning Pada Mata Pelajaran Dasar Listrik Dan Elektronika Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan

“…Pendidikan adalah proses mempengaruhi siswa untuk menggali potensi kemampuan atau keterampilan mendasar secara intelektual dan emosional yang ada agar dapat bermanfaat pada lingkungannya [1][2][3] . Pendidikan kejuruan adalah tingkatan pendidikan yang direncanakan mempersiapkan tenaga kerja dengan keahlian tertentu untuk memasuki dunia kerja [4][5][6]. Oleh karena itu pendidikan di SMK diharapkan untuk mampu mempersiapkan siswa menjadi individu yang memiliki produktifitas, menghasilkan sesuatu yang sesuai dengan bidang keahlian melalui proses pendidikan di sekolah.…”

“…Proses pembelajaran dikelas perlu ditunjang dengan beberapa metode yang dilengkapi dengan media pembelajaran. Penerapan media dalam proses pembelajaran akan menghasilkan kualitas yang berpengaruh proses pembelajara [7]. Penggunaan media pembelajaran didalam kelas mampu meningkatkan atau membantu dalam penerapan metode belajar di dalam kelas.…”

Development of mobile-learning media on Basic Electricity and Electronics Subject

“…A vocational school is a specific education that is aimed at preparing the workers with specific skills to enter the workforce [4][5][6]. In the learning concept of the 2013 curriculum, it is developed that the learning should be student-centred and the teacher is a facilitator.…”