Vocational functioning in schizotypal and paranoid personality disorders

McGurk, Susan R.; Mueser, Kim T.; Mischel, Rebecca; Adams, Rebecca; Harvey, Philip D.; McClure, Margaret M.; Look, Amy E.; Leung, Wai-Man; Siever, Larry J.

doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2013.06.019

Cited by 28 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…While a diagnosis of either SPD or PPD was associated with less likelihood of employment than patients without either of these diagnoses, these differences were found to be primarily determined by cognitive impairment. Even after adjusting for cognitive function, however, a diagnosis of SPD was associated with employment at jobs involving less social contact; and a diagnosis of PPD was associated with lower likelihood of having a history of competitive work for more than a year [6]. …”

Section: Epidemiology and Functional Impairmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Schizotypal Personality Disorder: A Current Review

Rosell

Futterman

McMaster

et al. 2014

Curr Psychiatry Rep

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124

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The study of schizotypal personality disorder (SPD) is important clinically, as it is understudied, challenging to treat, often under-recognized or misdiagnosed, and associated with significant functional impairment. SPD also represents an intermediate schizophrenia-spectrum phenotype, and therefore, can provide a better understanding of the genetics, pathogenesis, and treatment of related psychotic illnesses. In this review we discuss recent findings of SPD related to epidemiology and functional impairment; heritability and genetics; working memory and cognitive impairments; social-affective disturbances; and neurobiology. Additionally, we examine the challenges associated with treating patients with SPD, as well as clinical recommendations. Finally, we address future directions and areas in need of further exploration.

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Section: Epidemiology and Functional Impairmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Schizotypal Personality Disorder: A Current Review

Rosell

Futterman

McMaster

et al. 2014

Curr Psychiatry Rep

Self Cite

124

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“…Differentiation between schizotypal traits and SPD reflects the degree of self-recognized impairment to occupational and interpersonal functioning, frequency, and severity of symptom presentation. There are an increasing number of studies suggesting detectable reductions in interpersonal and occupational functioning in those displaying schizotypal traits (e.g., Waldeck and Miller, 2000; McGurk et al, 2013). When used as a screen in the general population, schizotypal traits are associated with depression, bipolar and affective and non-affective psychotic disorders longitudinally (e.g., Miller et al, 2002; Kwapil et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Consideration of Schizotypal Traits: A Review

et al. 2016

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Schizotypal traits are of interest and importance in their own right and also have theoretical and clinical associations with schizophrenia. These traits comprise attenuated psychotic symptoms, social withdrawal, reduced cognitive capacity, and affective dysregulation. The link between schizotypal traits and psychotic disorders has long since been debated. The status of knowledge at this point is such schizotypal traits are a risk for psychotic disorders, but in and of themselves only confer liability, with other risk factors needing to be present before a transition to psychosis occurs. Investigation of schizotypal traits also has the possibility to inform clinical and research pursuits concerning those who do not make a transition to psychotic disorders. A growing body of literature has investigated the genetic underpinnings of schizotypal traits. Here, we review association, family studies and describe genetic disorders where the expression of schizotypal traits has been investigated. We conducted a thorough review of the existing literature, with multiple search engines, references, and linked articles being searched for relevance to the current review. All articles and book chapters in English were sourced and reviewed for inclusion. Family studies demonstrate that schizotypal traits are elevated with increasing genetic proximity to schizophrenia and some chromosomal regions have been associated with schizotypy. Genes associated with schizophrenia have provided the initial start point for the investigation of candidate genes for schizotypal traits; neurobiological pathways of significance have guided selection of genes of interest. Given the chromosomal regions associated with schizophrenia, some genetic disorders have also considered the expression of schizotypal traits. Genetic disorders considered all comprise a profile of cognitive deficits and over representation of psychotic disorders compared to the general population. We conclude that genetic variations associated with schizotypal traits require further investigation, perhaps with targeted phenotypes narrowed to assist in refining the clinical end point of significance.

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“…Previous studies focused on multiple levels of functional outcomes to predict work outcome in patients with schizophrenia. Substantial evidence has been accumulated for the role of cognition as a predictor for employment status ( Dickerson et al, 2008 , McGurk et al, 2013 , Nuechterlein et al, 2011 ). Also it has been shown that competence in work was associated with higher levels of competence in skills required for everyday activities ( Bowie et al, 2006 ) or social competence ( Bowie et al, 2010 , Bowie et al, 2008 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors predicting work outcome in Japanese patients with schizophrenia: role of multiple functioning levels

Sumiyoshi

Harvey

Takaki

et al. 2015

Schizophrenia Research: Cognition

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Functional outcomes in individuals with schizophrenia suggest recovery of cognitive, everyday, and social functioning. Specifically improvement of work status is considered to be most important for their independent living and self-efficacy. The main purposes of the present study were 1) to identify which outcome factors predict occupational functioning, quantified as work hours, and 2) to provide cut-offs on the scales for those factors to attain better work status. Forty-five Japanese patients with schizophrenia and 111 healthy controls entered the study. Cognition, capacity for everyday activities, and social functioning were assessed by the Japanese versions of the MATRICS Cognitive Consensus Battery (MCCB), the UCSD Performance-based Skills Assessment-Brief (UPSA-B), and the Social Functioning Scale Individuals’ version modified for the MATRICS-PASS (Modified SFS for PASS), respectively. Potential factors for work outcome were estimated by multiple linear regression analyses (predicting work hours directly) and a multiple logistic regression analyses (predicting dichotomized work status based on work hours). ROC curve analyses were performed to determine cut-off points for differentiating between the better- and poor work status. The results showed that a cognitive component, comprising visual/verbal learning and emotional management, and a social functioning component, comprising independent living and vocational functioning, were potential factors for predicting work hours/status. Cut-off points obtained in ROC analyses indicated that 60–70% achievements on the measures of those factors were expected to maintain the better work status. Our findings suggest that improvement on specific aspects of cognitive and social functioning are important for work outcome in patients with schizophrenia.

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Vocational functioning in schizotypal and paranoid personality disorders

Cited by 28 publications

References 34 publications

Schizotypal Personality Disorder: A Current Review

Schizotypal Personality Disorder: A Current Review

Genetic Consideration of Schizotypal Traits: A Review

Factors predicting work outcome in Japanese patients with schizophrenia: role of multiple functioning levels

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