Career development theories suggest that social-contextual experiences are influential in individuals' career interests, aspirations, and skill development and may be a source of gender and ethnic differences in certain career fields. In this mixed methods study, we examine the supportive and obstructive career-related experiences of 13 men and 13 women (modal age 25). Interviews focused primarily on the pathway toward or away from an information technology (IT) career. Thematic coding indicated that parents were mostly supportive, while experiences in school and work occasionally made individuals reconsider their career plans. Social influences often changed developmentally as participants entered full-time jobs. Gendered participation in IT was often attributed to women's perception that it is a male-oriented field.Keywords career development; adolescence; emerging adulthood; gender; ethnic differences; socialization; technology Attracting new employees to science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) jobs, as well as increasing the diversity of this workforce, has been of great interest to researchers, policy makers, and employers in recent years (Meece, 2006). Despite efforts to increase the number of women and minorities in STEM careers, they remain underrepresented in the STEM workforce (National Science Foundation, 1996). Career development theories suggest that individuals select career fields based on their selfperceptions, values, and beliefs and that individual differences in these cognitions can explain much of the gender and ethnic gaps in career field participation (Eccles et al., 1983;Gottfredson, 1981;Lent, Brown, & Hackett, 1994;Savickas, 2005). Although internal cognitions are the most proximal factors to career choice, career development theorists also suggest that these cognitions are developed through experiences in homes, schools, and other contexts and that these experiences may be more distal sources of imbalanced workforces.In one particular STEM field, information technology (IT), the rapid creation of new jobs has led to a shortage of qualified employees (U.S. Department of Commerce, 2003 This article examines the career path of emerging adults who enter IT careers and those who could enter these careers but do not in order to highlight socialization influences that may contribute to occupational choices. Examining the IT field in particular has the unique potential to highlight both gender and racial differences in socialization toward (or away from) some occupations.
Socialization and Career ChoicesThe occupational choices made by emerging adults have their roots in earlier interactions and experiences (Eccles et al., 1983;Gottfredson, 1981;Lent et al., 1994;Savickas, 2005;Whiston & Keller, 2004). For instance, children begin to learn about possible future jobs through seeing adults in their communities and parents' social networks (Schultheiss, Palma, & Manzi, 2005;Super, 1990). Self-perceptions develop through experiences in school (Lent et al., 1994) and feedbac...