Although some nomenclature changes have caused consternation among clinical microbiologists, the discovery of novel taxa and improving classification of existing groups of organisms is exciting and adds to our understanding of microbial pathogenesis. In this mini-review, we present an in-depth summary of novel taxonomic designations and revisions to prokaryotic taxonomy that were published in 2022. Henceforth, these bacteriology taxonomic summaries will appear annually. Several of the novel Gram-positive organisms have been associated with disease, namely, the
Corynebacterium kroppenstedtii
-like organisms
Corynebacterium parakroppenstedtii
sp. nov. and
Corynebacterium pseudokroppenstedtii
sp. nov. A newly described
Streptococcus
species,
Streptococcus toyakuensis
sp. nov., is noteworthy for exhibiting multi-drug resistance. Among the novel Gram-negative pathogens,
Vibrio paracholerae
sp. nov. stands out as an organism associated with diarrhea and sepsis and has probably been co-circulating with pandemic
Vibrio cholerae
for decades. Many new anaerobic organisms have been described in this past year largely from genetic assessments of gastrointestinal microbiome collections. With respect to revised taxa, as discussed in previous reviews, the genus
Bacillus
continues to undergo further division into additional genera and reassignment of existing species into them. Reassignment of two subspecies of
Fusobacterium nucleatum
to species designations (
Fusobacterium animalis
sp. nov. and
Fusobacterium vincentii
sp. nov.) is also noteworthy. As was typical of previous reviews, literature updates for selected clinically relevant organisms discovered between 2017 and 2021 have been included.