Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease presenting secondary to a post-infectious Mycoplasma pneumoniae autoimmune response

Wade, Christian I.; Earley, Keith E.; Justin, Grant A.; Weber, M.

doi:10.1016/j.ajoc.2020.100793

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…While this study focused on the uveitis associated with Mtb infection, chronic post-infectious uveitis has also been described in association with a number of other pathogens ( Birnbaum et al, 2012 ; Zhenyu et al, 2021 ; Sanghvi et al, 2011 ; Cunningham et al, 2016 ) Post-infectious uveitis does not improve with additional antimicrobial therapy but does improve with systemic corticosteroid therapy ( Tomkins-Netzer et al, 2018 ). This response pattern confirms a sterile immune response as opposed to continued viable infection ( Filloy et al, 2016 ; Goldhardt et al, 2016 ; Wade et al, 2020 ). Further management strategies for the ensuing chronic uveitis are controversial, and no strategies to prevent chronic post-infectious uveitis are known ( Ching Wen Ho et al, 2018 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

Systemic prime exacerbates the ocular immune response to heat-killed Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Pepple

John²,

Wilson³

et al. 2022

Experimental Eye Research

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

Systemic prime exacerbates the ocular immune response to heat-killed Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Pepple

John²,

Wilson³

et al. 2022

Experimental Eye Research

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“…According to early studies, Mycoplasma pneumoniae 12 and influenza A virus 13 have been reported to be associated with the development of VKH disease. In our report, this patient presented with VKH symptoms 2 weeks after SARS‐CoV‐2 infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada disease after SARS‐CoV‐2 infection: Case report and literature review

Zou,

Zhang,

Chen

et al. 2024

Immunity Inflam & Disease

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BackgroundSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) is responsible for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), a complex and multifaceted illness. COVID‐19 is associated with various ocular manifestations including conjunctivitis, retinal vein occlusion and optic neuritis. However, the case of Vogt‐Koyanagi‐Harada (VKH) disease associated with SARS‐CoV‐2 is infrequent, and the specific association is still unclear.Case PresentationIn the present study, a 35‐year‐old female patient without any significant medical history presented with 1 week of bilateral blurred vision, occurring 2 weeks after a clinical course of COVID‐19. Upon examination, both eyes exhibited bullous serous retinal detachments. She was diagnosed with incomplete VKH disease. Early diagnosis and treatment of VKH disease are essential for the visual prognosis of this aggressive disease. In this particular patient, ocular inflammatory signs and visual acuity improved via corticosteroid therapy. It is worth noting that the occurrence of VKH disease associated with SARS‐CoV‐2 is uncommon, and the specific connection between the two remains unknown. We review and summarize the clinical characteristics of VKH disease following SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, and discuss the potential mechanisms that may explain this phenomenon, based on similar studies previously reported.ConclusionDespite the unclear causality, it is important for ophthalmologists and physicians to be recognizant of the possible association between VKH disease and COVID‐19. SARS‐CoV‐2 may play a potential immunological triggering role in VKH disease. However, further in‐depth research is necessary to investigate the clinical and epidemiological features, as well as the underlying mechanisms of this association.

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“…Further studies indicated that the seroprevalence of cytomegalovirus (CMV) was significantly higher in patients with VKH, and there was cross-reaction of peptide-specific T cells with CMV-egH and tyrosinase, suggesting that CMV might be responsible for the onset of VKH disease [ 13 ]. Cases of VKH disease associated with microbial infection, such as influenza A virus, mycoplasma pneumoniae, and tuberculosis, have been reported in the literature [ 14 , 15 , 16 ]. With the pandemic of SARS-CoV-2 in recent years, COVID-19 infection has also been reported as a stimulator of VKH disease [ 17 , 18 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probable Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada Disease after COVID-19 Vaccination: Case Report and Literature Review

Ding

Chang

2022

Vaccines

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COVID-19 vaccination is considered the most effective and promising approach for the elimination of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic globally. Although the vaccine has been proven to be safe, as evidenced by the promotion of mass vaccination, new side effects, including several ocular complications that were not described during the experimental stage, are now emerging. In the present study, we report a 33-year-old Chinese man who developed probable Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada (VKH) disease only one day after his first dose of an inactivated COVID-19 vaccine, without any systemic symptoms. His medical history was unremarkable, except for hypertension. Although successfully relieved by oral prednisone, the patient progressed to the chronic stage of VKH disease with ocular depigmentation 4 months after onset. By reviewing similar cases previously reported, we discuss and summarize the common characteristics of VKH disease associated with vaccines against SARS-CoV-2, as well as the possible mechanisms behind this phenomenon. Although the causality is unclear, ophthalmologists and generalists should be aware of this possible ocular adverse effect after COVID-19 vaccination.

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Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease presenting secondary to a post-infectious Mycoplasma pneumoniae autoimmune response

Cited by 8 publications

References 14 publications

Systemic prime exacerbates the ocular immune response to heat-killed Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Systemic prime exacerbates the ocular immune response to heat-killed Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada disease after SARS‐CoV‐2 infection: Case report and literature review

Probable Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada Disease after COVID-19 Vaccination: Case Report and Literature Review

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