Voice Changes During Pregnancy Trimesters in Iranian Pregnant Women

The Effect of Bimaxillary Orthognathic Surgery on Nasalance, Articulation Errors, and Speech Intelligibility in Skeletal Class III Deformity Patients

“…It elicits a speech sample containing instances of all Persian vowels and consonants in first, middle, and last positions of words. 1,4,5 For articulation analysis, consonant and vowel productions were compared with target productions and analyzed for error types at the segmental level. All analyses were based on a consensus narrow phonetic transcription made by the speech-language pathologist using the symbols and diacritics of the International Phonetic Alphabet.…”

“…The shaping of the vocal tract using the lips, tongue, jaw, and velum for speech output is called articulation; the lips, tongue, jaws, and velum are the articulators. [1][2][3][4] Assuming normal orofacial structures, individuals typically acquire the appropriate shaping of the vocal tract for the sounds of their language according to common developmental patterns entitled phonological development. 1,4,5 The consonants produced in any language can be described by their distinctive features as follows: 1) the place of production; 2) the degree of constriction between the two articulators; 3) the path of emission or energy enhancement, via the mouth versus the nose; and 4) the voicing, whether or not the vocal folds are in vibration.…”

“…[1][2][3][4] Assuming normal orofacial structures, individuals typically acquire the appropriate shaping of the vocal tract for the sounds of their language according to common developmental patterns entitled phonological development. 1,4,5 The consonants produced in any language can be described by their distinctive features as follows: 1) the place of production; 2) the degree of constriction between the two articulators; 3) the path of emission or energy enhancement, via the mouth versus the nose; and 4) the voicing, whether or not the vocal folds are in vibration. 1,[5][6][7] Individuals who have Class III malocclusion often present with difficulty producing labiodental and lingua-alveolar consonants.…”

“…1,6,[8][9][10] Velopharyngeal dysfunction or insufficiency often co-occurs with malocclusion in individuals who have Class III malocclusion. 1,4,5,11 Velopharyngeal dysfunction (VPD) is a generic term that describes a set of disorders resulting in the leakage of air into the nasal passages during speech production and articulation. Consequently, speech samples can demonstrate hypernasality, nasal emissions, and poor intelligibility.…”

Voice in pregnancy context

“…Acestea sunt simptomele unei condiții numite "Laryngopathia gravidarum". Consecințele observate asupra vocii sunt o voce "înmuiată", răgușeală și o diminuare a intervalului de frecvență (Ghaemi, et al, 2018). Lã și Sundberg au descoperit că în ultimul semestru de sarcină mobilitatea corzilor vocale este redusă din cauza nivelurilor crescute de estrogen și progesteron.…”