“…While there has been limited research on empathic development, in 2011, Strobel et al found 22 papers that explicitly focused on empathy in engineering in general. More recently, there has been a much more concerted focus on empathy as a potential concept, disposition, or skill that should be integrated into engineering (Fila, Hess, Purzer, & Dringenberg, 2016;Gray, Yilmaz, Daly, Seifert, & Gonzalez, 2015;Hess, Strobel, Pan, & Wachter Morris, 2017;Hess, Strobel, & Pan, 2016;Rasoal, Danielsson, & Jungert, 2012;Walther et al, 2017). Researchers have begun exploring empathy's functional role (e.g., the affective and cognitive processes of or relations between stakeholders) within multiple engineering educational contexts, including design Gray et al, 2015), service-learning (Lynch et al, 2014;Zoltowski, Oakes, & Cardella, 2012), communication (Leydens & Lucena, 2009;Walther, Miller, & Kellam, 2012), and ethics (Hess, Beever, et al, 2017;Vallero, 2008;Walther et al, 2017).…”