Void swelling in ion irradiated (15Ni–14Cr), Ti-modified stainless steel: A study using positron annihilation and step height measurements

David, C.; Panigrahi, B. K.; Amarendra, G.; Abhaya, S.; Balaji, S.; Balamurugan, A.; Nair, K.G.M.; Viswanathan, B.; Sundar, C. S.; Raj, Baldev

doi:10.1016/j.surfcoat.2009.02.017

“…According to the literature, metals do not seem to become amorphous for very high dose [40,41], in the temperature range studied in this work. Moreover, the swelling of metals does not saturate, but increases linearly with the dose due to the agglomeration of point defects into extended defects, whatever the irradiation temperature.…”

Section: Ti 3 Sic 2 Swelling Modelmentioning

confidence: 46%

Microstructural changes induced by low energy heavy ion irradiation in titanium silicon carbide

Nappé

¹

,

Maurice

²

,

Grosseau

³

et al. 2011

Journal of the European Ceramic Society

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Low energy ion irradiation was used to investigate the microstructural modifications induced in Ti 3 SiC 2 by nuclear collisions. Characterization of the microstructure of the pristine sample by electron back-scatter diffraction (EBSD) shows a strong texturing of TiSi 2 , which is a common secondary phase present in Ti 3 SiC 2 . A methodology based on atomic force microscopy (AFM) was developed to measure the volume swelling induced by ion irradiation, and it was validated on irradiated silicon carbide. The swelling of Ti 3 SiC 2 was estimated to 2.2 ±0.8 % for an irradiation dose of 4.3 dpa at room temperature. Results obtained by both EBSD and AFM analyzes showed that nuclear collisions induce an anisotropic swelling in Ti 3 SiC 2 .

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“…Inspections via positron annihilation are sensitive to electron density variations and voids. The tool has been used under laboratory settings to assess the void swelling phenomenon for Ti-modified stainless steel exposed ion beam irradiation (Amarendra et al 2008;Davis et al 2008;Arunkumar et al 2009;Davis et al 2009). The eventual transfer of positron annihilation to field is questionable, however, due to high levels of background radiation and applicability to core internal structures.…”

Section: Other Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examination Technologies

2013

Understanding Assessment

0

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Licensees of commercial nuclear power plants in the United States are expected to submit license renewal applications for the period of operation of 60 to 80 years which has also been referred to as long term operation (LTO). The greatest challenges to LTO are associated with degradation of passive components as active components are routinely maintained and repaired or placed through maintenance programs. Some passive component degradation concerns include stress corrosion cracking of metal components, radiation induced embrittlement of the reactor pressure vessel, degradation of buried piping, degradation of concrete containment structures, and degradation of cables. Proactive management of passive component aging employs three important elements including online monitoring of degradation, early detection of degradation at precursor stages, and application of prognostics for the prediction of remaining useful life. This document assesses several nondestructive examination (NDE) measurement technologies for integration into proactive aging management programs. The assessment is performed by discussing the three elements of proactive aging management identified above, considering the current state of the industry with respect to adopting these key elements, and analyzing measurement technologies for monitoring large cracks in metal components, monitoring early degradation at precursor stages, monitoring the degradation of concrete containment structures, and monitoring the degradation of cables. Specific and general needs have been identified through this assessment. General needs identified include the need for environmentally rugged sensors that can operate reliably in an operating reactor environment, the need to identify parameters from precursor monitoring technologies that are unambiguously correlated with the level of pre-macro defect damage, and a methodology for identifying regions where precursor damage is most likely to initiate.

show abstract

“…The tool has been used under laboratory settings to assess the void swelling phenomenon for Ti-modified stainless steel exposed ion beam irradiation (Amarendra et al 2008;Davis et al 2008;Arunkumar et al 2009;Davis et al 2009). The eventual transfer of positron annihilation to field is questionable, however, due to high levels of background radiation and applicability to core internal structures.…”

Section: Other Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced Instrumentation, Information, and Control System Technologies: Nondestructive Examination Technologies - FY11 Report

Meyer¹,

Coble²,

Ramuhalli³

et al. 2011

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Licensees of commercial nuclear power plants in the United States are expected to submit license renewal applications for the period of operation of 60 to 80 years which has also been referred to as long term operation (LTO). The greatest challenges to LTO are associated with degradation of passive components as active components are routinely maintained and repaired or placed through maintenance programs. Some passive component degradation concerns include stress corrosion cracking of metal components, radiation induced embrittlement of the reactor pressure vessel, degradation of buried piping, degradation of concrete containment structures, and degradation of cables.Proactive management of passive component aging employs three important elements including online monitoring of degradation, early detection of degradation at precursor stages, and application of prognostics for the prediction of remaining useful life. This document assesses several nondestructive examination (NDE) measurement technologies for integration into proactive aging management programs. The assessment is performed by discussing the three elements of proactive aging management identified above, considering the current state of the industry with respect to adopting these key elements, and analyzing measurement technologies for monitoring large cracks in metal components, monitoring early degradation at precursor stages, monitoring the degradation of concrete containment structures, and monitoring the degradation of cables.Specific and general needs have been identified through this assessment. General needs identified include the need for environmentally rugged sensors that can operate reliably in an operating reactor environment, the need to identify parameters from precursor monitoring technologies that are unambiguously correlated with the level of pre-macro defect damage, and a methodology for identifying regions where precursor damage is most likely to initiate. v Summary Long-term operation (LTO) of the current fleet of nuclear power plants (NPPs) has been identified as high priority by the U.S. Department of Energy as part of an overall effort to meet rising demands for electricity and meet international obligations to lower greenhouse gas emissions. NPP operators are granted an initial license term of 40 years to operate and are eligible for multiple 20-year license extensions beyond the initial expiration. It is anticipated that most plants will apply for and be granted the initial 20-year license extension (21 initial license renewals have been approved thus far) but subsequent license extensions are less clear due to uncertainties regarding the performance of safety critical systems, structures and components (SSCs) beyond 60 years.Active SSCs (including pumps, valves, and rotating machinery) are well managed and undergo routine maintenance and repair/replacement activities through plant maintenance programs and are not expected to challenge LTO of NPPs. Passive SSCs (pipes, vessels, concrete, and cables) are managed by p...

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Void swelling in ion irradiated (15Ni–14Cr), Ti-modified stainless steel: A study using positron annihilation and step height measurements

Cited by 15 publications

References 26 publications

Microstructural changes induced by low energy heavy ion irradiation in titanium silicon carbide

Microstructural changes induced by low energy heavy ion irradiation in titanium silicon carbide

Examination Technologies

Advanced Instrumentation, Information, and Control System Technologies: Nondestructive Examination Technologies - FY11 Report

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