Volatile Compounds and Bioactivity ofEremurus spectabilis(Ciris), a Turkish Wild Edible Vegetable

Abstract

Eremurus spectabilis grows in the spring as a wild vegetable and for many years has been used both as a food or food additive and for therapeutic purposes. This study investigated the total phenolic content and the antimicrobial, antioxidant, and antiradical activities of methanol, ethanol, and aqueous extracts of E. spectabilis (obtained from the Antalya region of Turkey). In addition, volatile compounds of E. spectabilis were characterized by using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Major components of E. spectabilis volatile compounds were carvone (44.64%), carvacrol (14.45%), pentane, 2-methyl- (7.34%), (E)-caryophyllene (5.57%), valencene (5.11%), cis-calamenene (2.01%), cadalene (1.10%), and acetic acid (1.12%). The highest total phenolic content was seen with methanol extract (mean±standard deviation, 31.92 ± 0.48 mg gallic acid equivalents/g dry extract). The ethanol extract showed the highest antiradical activity, with a 50% inhibitory concentration of 35.14 μg/L in the 1,1-diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl assay. The strongest antioxidant activity was detected in methanol extract (81.72 ± 0.62 mg ascorbic acid equivalents/g). Twelve bacteria species were used to analyze the antimicrobial activity of extracts. The 1% concentrations of all extracts showed no inhibitive effect on any bacterium. The most resistant bacterium was Yersinia enterocolitica, and the most sensitive bacterium was Pseudomonas aeruginosa. A positive correlation was seen between concentrations and inhibition zones, and some differences occurred between antimicrobial activity of other concentrations.

Gastroprotective and antioxidant effects of Eremurus spectabilis Bieb. methanol extract and its isolated component isoorientin on indomethacin induced gastric ulcers in rats

“…It is registered that E. spectabilis leaves are used traditionally in gastrointestinal disorders 12 . The results of our work are also supportive of this gastroprotective effect.…”

“…In addition to these, E. spectabilis has also antibacterial and antioxidant activities 10,11 . Carvone, carvacrol, pentane, (E)-caryophyllene, valencene were found to be as main constituents of the essential oil of E. spectabilis 12 . It is reported that inosine, methyl linolenate, chrysophanol, isoorientin, β-sitosterol and sucrose were also isolated from E. spectabilis 13 .…”

Towards elucidating Eremurus root remedy: Chemical profiling and preliminary biological investigations of Eremurus persicus and Eremurus spectabilis root ethanolic extracts

“…Extracts of all three drugs (Eremurus spp, E. persicus and E. spectabilis) were prepared and their biological properties evaluated. First, extractions were performed using water and a water/methanol mixture, according to the literature (Karaman et al, 2011). In both cases, the formation of highly viscous solutions was observed, probably due to the presence of glucomannan, a water-soluble polysaccharide (Smirnova et al, 2001).…”

“…Both species have been traditionally used in Kurdish ethnomedicine to cure diseases having a common pathophysiological factor related to inflammation. It has been reported that the aerial parts of the plants, along with the rhizome and root nodules are eaten by native people for treating inflamed eyes, diabetes and eczema (Karaman et al, 2011;Yesil and Akalin, 2009), while their boiled roots are described to be efficacious in relieving rheumatism, gastrointestinal disorders (Ozturk and Olcucu, 2011), scabies (Karaman and Kocabas, 2001) and inflammatory skin conditions (Mamedov and Gardner, 2004) (Table 1).…”

A pair of new tetrahydro-naphthalenone enantiomers from Eremurus altaicus (Pall.) Stev.

“…Wang and Yang, 2007). The genus Eremurus is used in traditional folk medicine for the treatment and prevention of liver and stomach disorders, hemorrhoids and diabetes, and also for reducing dysuria and hypertension in many countries in central and western Asia (Karaman et al, 2011;Tosun et al, 2012;Xiao et al, 2012). Previous phytochemical investigations of the genus Eremurus revealed the presence of anthraquinones, naphthalene derivatives and polysaccharides (Asgarpanah et al, 2011;Berdikeev et al, 1982;Igamberdyeva et al, 1976;Li et al, 2000;Rakhimov and Yuldasheva, 1996;Yuldasheva and Rakhimov, 1996).…”