Volatile Compounds in Vanilla

Vanilla beyond Vanilla planifolia and Vanilla × tahitensis: Taxonomy and Historical Notes, Reproductive Biology, and Metabolites

“…We strongly encourage consulting data from those studies that did apply such techniques directly, as in the case of the hereby often-cited thesis by Galeas [ 71 ] that identified aroma molecules in V. pompona through gas chromatography-olfactometry (GC-O) analysis. The author [ 71 ] performed a greatly comprehensive study and herein their data are only briefly alluded to, as was the case of the extensive review of “Volatile Compounds in Vanilla” by Toth et al [ 72 ] and others. Also, the assessed molecules were not limited to being found in fruits but also leaves and flowers ( Table 2 ).…”

“…Species with molecular information disclosed are V. pompona , V. palmarum , V. ribeiroi , V. bahiana , V. chamissonis , V. sotoarenasii , V. crenulata , V. imperialis , V. planifolia × V. pompona (hybrid), V. planifolia × V. phaeantha (hybrid), and a wild-type (likely V. odorata from Peru) [ 6 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 , 76 , 77 ]. From the hereby compiled data, the chemical classes of organooxygen compounds, fatty acyls, benzene and substituted derivatives, carboxylic acids and derivatives, saturated hydrocarbons, prenol lipids, and phenols had more than ten representative compounds ( Figure 5 A).…”

“…The ten most frequent flavor descriptors were sweet, fruity, green, fatty, waxy, bitter, vanilla, balsam, caramel, and creamy ( Figure 6 ). By far, V. pompona is the wild-relative vanilla species with most studies related to the elucidation of its metabolites [ 6 , 71 , 72 , 75 , 76 ]. Both V. pompona subsp grandiflora (leaves and green pods) and V. pompona subsp pittieri (green pods), as well as cured V. pompona , were targets of chemical profiling studies ( Supplementary Table S1 ).…”

“…Accessions from Guadalupe present significantly higher vanillin content (>2 g/100 g·dm) than those from French Guiana and Central America (<0.11 g/100 g·dm) [ 6 ]. Furthermore, a comprehensive metabolite compilation was performed by Toth and collaborators [ 72 ], whereby data on V. pompona (from unknown origin and Madagascar) and a wild-type species from Peru were hereby included ( Supplementary Table S1 ). As mentioned by the authors, the wild species morphologically resembled V. odorata , but without confirmation.…”

“…As mentioned by the authors, the wild species morphologically resembled V. odorata , but without confirmation. From the unknown wild-type species, 86 compounds were annotated; 71 were annotated from V. pompona from Madagascar, and 8 from V. pompona of unknown origin ( Supplementary Table S1 and Toth et al [ 72 ]). Clearly, combined data show that V. pompona ’s rich flavor diversity potential is certainly valuable from a biotechnological perspective.…”