Volatile Constituents of the Aerial Parts of Terataenium Lasiopentalum (Boiss.) Manden., Stems and Leaves of Dorema Ammoniacum D.DON. And Leaves, Fruits and Stems of Leutea Petiolare (Dc.) M.PIMEN From Iran

Abstract

The Composition of the essential oils from three Umbelliferae species of Iran , Tetrataenium lasiopetalum (Boiss.) Mandem ., Dorema ammoniacum D.Don., which is endemic to Iran, and Leutea petiolare (DC.) M.Pimen. obtained by hydrodistillation were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Germacrene D (17.72%) and (E,Z) farnesol (12.58%) were the main components in the oil of aerial parts of T. lasiopetalum. The major compound in the stem oil of D. ammoniacum was α-muurolol (13.68%), whereas the leaf oil contained (E)-β-ocimene (30.94%), γ-terpinene (11.09%), p-cymene (10.03%) and (Z)-β-ocimene (7.11%). Terpinolene (13.93%, 8.28% and 10.27%) , (E)-β-ocimene (10.24%, 24.63% and 10.46%) and endo-fenchyl acetate (15.1%, 7.42% and 7.57%) were the main constituents in the leaf, fruit and stem oils of L. petiolare respectively.

Phytochemical Analysis, In Vitro Anticholinesterase, Antioxidant Activity and In Vivo Nootropic Effect of Ferula ammoniacum (Dorema ammoniacum) D. Don. in Scopolamine-Induced Memory Impairment in Mice

“…The inhibition of cholinesterase enzymes is considered as a promising strategy in the management of neurological and neurodegenerative disorders such as AD, where a deficit in cholinergic neurotransmission is often observed. Several pharmacological effects of the plant extract such as antioxidant, anticholinesterase, free radical scavenging, antidiabetic, and hypolipidemic activities regarding the essential oil and crude extract of roots and aerial parts of Dorema species have also been associated with the presence of phenolic and flavonoid compounds [ 23 , 28 , 29 , 42 ].…”

“…In this study Fa.EtAc fraction showed free radical scavenging activity and strong inhibitions of cholinesterases (AChE and BChE), with low IC 50 values. Reported studies also revealed that ethyl acetate extract F. ammoniacum has shown the highest antioxidant activity in both DPPH and FRAP assays [ 23 ]. Fa.EtAc fraction was found rich in phenolics and flavonoids that might thus be capable of reducing the risk of various degenerative diseases including AD, by prompting antioxidative activities.…”

“…F. ammoniacum inhibited brain cholinesterases (AChE and BChE) enzymes levels suggesting that its nootropic effects may strongly be due to the antioxidant action and, therefore, might play an effective role as antioxidant and free radical scavenger. Reported studies revealed that F. ammoniacum gum resin also shows AChE inhibition due to presence of bioactive compounds [ 23 ]. This study is further supported by the possible involvement of brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF; a neuronal growth factor) found in the brain, majorly found in the hippocampus, amygdala, cerebellum and cerebral cortex in both rodents and humans.…”

“…In traditional medicines, it is used as a remedy by itself and sometimes it is used in combination with other drugs to treat health complications like stroke and paralysis [ 22 ]. The essential oil of D. ammoniacum leaf, fruit, and stem have already been reported to have antioxidant, antimicrobial, and low cytotoxicity activities [ 23 , 24 ]. Chemical composition of essential oil and toxicological studies like acute and sub-acute toxicity of D. ammoniacum oleo-gum-resin has also been reported [ 25 ].…”

Chemical composition and cytotoxic activity of the essential oil from the aerial parts ofDorema aucheri

“…Asnaashari et al who analyzed the composition of the essential oil of D. glabrum roots by GC/MS method showed that the oil was rich in sesquiterpenes and monoterpenes (21). In another study, the major constituents of the essential oil of D. ammoniacum collected from the Kellar mountain, were three hydrocarbon monoterpenes, five oxygenated monoterpenes, ten sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, and thirteen oxygenated sesquiterpenes (22). Akbarian et al in their study, conducted on five D. aucheri populations in different regions of Iran, showed that β-caryophyllene, thymol, β-gurjunene, carvacrol, and cuparene were the major components (23).…”