Volatile halocarbon measurements in the marine boundary layer at Cape Point, South Africa

Kuyper, Brett; Lesch, Timothy; Labuschagne, Casper; Martin, Damien; Young, Dickon; Khan, M. Anwar H.; Williams, Alastair G.; O’Doherty, Simon; Davies‐Coleman, Michael T.; Shallcross, Dudley E.

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2019.116833

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…The working standard was filled at Cape Point under baseline (air mass arriving from the south westerly marine sector) conditions. Calibrated chlorocarbon mole fractions were propagated to the working standard via direct comparison with an external long-term standard filled under baseline conditions at the Mace Head Atmospheric Observatory, Ireland . All standard gases were held in 34 L electropolished stainless-steel canisters (Essex Industries, Missouri, U.S.A.).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emissions and Marine Boundary Layer Concentrations of Unregulated Chlorocarbons Measured at Cape Point, South Africa

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Kuyper

Western

et al. 2020

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Unregulated chlorocarbons, here defined as dichloromethane (CH 2 Cl 2 ), perchloroethene (C 2 Cl 4 ), chloroform (CHCl 3 ), and methyl chloride (CH 3 Cl), are gases not regulated by the Montreal Protocol. While CH 3 Cl is the largest contributor of atmospheric chlorine, recent studies have shown that growth in emissions of the less abundant chlorocarbons could pose a significant threat to the recovery of the ozone layer. Despite this, there remain many regions for which no atmospheric monitoring exists, leaving gaps in our understanding of global emissions. Here, we report on a new time series of chlorocarbon measurements from Cape Point, South Africa for 2017, which represent the first published high-frequency measurements of these gases from Africa. For CH 2 Cl 2 and C 2 Cl 4 , the majority of mole fraction enhancements were observed from the north, consistent with anthropogenically modified air from Cape Town, while for CHCl 3 and CH 3 Cl, we found evidence for both oceanic and terrestrial sources. Using an inverse method, we estimated emissions for south-western South Africa (SWSA). For each chlorocarbon, SWSA accounted for less than 1% of global emissions. For CH 2 Cl 2 and C 2 Cl 4 , we extrapolated using population statistics and found South African emissions of 8.9 (7.4−10.4) Gg yr −1 and 0.80 (0.64−1.04) Gg yr −1 , respectively.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emissions and Marine Boundary Layer Concentrations of Unregulated Chlorocarbons Measured at Cape Point, South Africa

Say

Kuyper

Western

et al. 2020

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Impacts of ocean biogeochemistry on atmospheric chemistry

Tinel,

Abbatt,

Saltzman

et al. 2023

Elem Sci Anth

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Ocean biogeochemistry involves the production and consumption of an array of organic compounds and halogenated trace gases that influence the composition and reactivity of the atmosphere, air quality, and the climate system. Some of these molecules affect tropospheric ozone and secondary aerosol formation and impact the atmospheric oxidation capacity on both regional and global scales. Other emissions undergo transport to the stratosphere, where they contribute to the halogen burden and influence ozone. The oceans also comprise a major sink for highly soluble or reactive atmospheric gases. These issues are an active area of research by the SOLAS (Surface Ocean Lower Atmosphere) community. This article provides a status report on progress over the past decade, unresolved issues, and future research directions to understand the influence of ocean biogeochemistry on gas-phase atmospheric chemistry. Common challenges across the subject area involve establishing the role that biology plays in controlling the emissions of gases to the atmosphere and the inclusion of such complex processes, for example involving the sea surface microlayer, in large-scale global models.

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Volatile halocarbon measurements in the marine boundary layer at Cape Point, South Africa

Cited by 2 publications

References 80 publications

Emissions and Marine Boundary Layer Concentrations of Unregulated Chlorocarbons Measured at Cape Point, South Africa

Emissions and Marine Boundary Layer Concentrations of Unregulated Chlorocarbons Measured at Cape Point, South Africa

Impacts of ocean biogeochemistry on atmospheric chemistry

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