“…Within such large ecosystems, ecological interactions may have an important, but poorly explored, role in regulating the BVOC emissions of the Amazon rainforest.4 | ECOLOG I C AL INTER AC TI ON SBiogenic volatile organic compounds are assumed to play a strong role in ecological interactions in Amazonia (Figure 2). BVOC sources create volatile blends that can serve to identify the species of a recipient(Piva et al, 2019), allowing us to understand the nature of such communication (e.g. the identity and density of an attacking herbivore;Pinto-Zevallos, Bezerra, Souza, & Ambrogi, 2018), and can also direct the evolution of plant chemical diversity(Salazar et al, 2018).Signalling within plants can be based on cascading signals of jasmonates, salicylates and ethylene, but also other types of BVOCs such as GLV, methanol or isoprenoids(Filella, Peñuelas, & Llusià, 2006;Matsui, 2016;Matsui, Sugimoto, Mano, Ozawa, & Takabayashi, 2012;Seco, Filella, Llusià, & Peñuelas, 2011).…”