Volatile nitrosamines from ion-exchange resins

Gough, T.A.; Webb, Kenneth S.; McPhail, M F

doi:10.1016/s0015-6264(77)80009-6

Cited by 30 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The first reports on the presence of NDMA in waters treated by ion-exchange were prepared in the seventies [2][3][4]. Kimoto et al [2] noted an exceptionally high concentration of NDMA when chlorine-containing water was exposed to a mixedbed demineralization resin.…”

Section: Precursors Of Ndma In Drinking Water Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies have described NDMA formation in waters that have been treated with ion-exchange. The anion-exchange resins have quaternary amine functional groups that could serve as NDMA precursors [2][3][4]. However, at the beginning of the 21st century, the final disinfection of drinking waters appeared to be the main source of nitrosamines.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nitrosamines and water

Nawrocki

Andrzejewski

2011

Journal of Hazardous Materials

184

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Section: Precursors Of Ndma In Drinking Water Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrosamines and water

Nawrocki

Andrzejewski

2011

Journal of Hazardous Materials

184

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“…Several studies have documented NDMA formation in waters treated with ion-exchange resins having quaternary amine functional groups that could serve as NDMA precursors (Fiddler et al, 1977;Gough et al, 1977;Kimoto et al, 1980). In many of these studies, a chlorine or monochloramine residual in the water probably reacted with resin functional groups.…”

Section: Unsymmetrical Dimethylhydrazine (Udmh) Oxidation: Ndma Formamentioning

confidence: 99%

N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) as a Drinking Water Contaminant: A Review

Mitch¹,

Sharp²,

Trussell³

et al. 2003

Environmental Engineering Science

596

428

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N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) is a member of a family of extremely potent carcinogens, the N-nitrosamines. Until recently, concerns about NDMA mainly focused on the presence of NDMA in food, consumer products, and polluted air. However, current concern focuses on NDMA as a drinking water contaminant resulting from reactions occurring during chlorination or via direct industrial contamination. Because of the relatively high concentrations of NDMA formed during wastewater chlorination, the intentional and unintentional reuse of municipal wastewater is a particularly important area of concern. Although ultraviolet (UV) treatment can effectively remove NDMA, there is considerable interest in the development of less expensive alternative treatment technologies. These alternative technologies include approaches for removing organic nitrogen-containing NDMA precursors prior to chlorination and the use of sunlight photolysis, and in situ bioremediation to remove NDMA and its precursors.

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“…NDMA formation and ion exchange resins. Several studies have reported detectable NDMA levels in waters exposed to some ion exchange resins (Kimoto et al, 1980; Fiddler et al, 1977; Gough et al, 1977). One study showed that high levels of NDMA (1,000–2,000 ng/L) were formed when tap water was exposed to a mixed‐bed demineralization resin (Kimoto et al, 1980).…”

Section: Past Research On Ndma Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

NDMA Formation in Water and Wastewater

Najm¹,

Trussell²

2001

Journal AWWA

204

155

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N‐nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) is a carcinogen known to be present in various foods and industrial products. The US Environmental Protection Agency has established a 10–6 cancer risk level for NDMA of 0.7 ng/L. NDMA has been found in the effluents of various water and wastewater plants, but its formation mechanism is not yet understood. This study evaluated NDMA formation during various water and wastewater treatment processes including chlorination and chloramination, ozonation, and ion exchange. On the basis of the limited results obtained in this study, NDMA appears to be a by‐product of the chloramination of water and wastewater, with the level of NDMA formed directly related to the chloramine dose. In the waters tested, NDMA did not form on contact with free chlorine or ozone. Contact of one water with typical levels of amine‐based polymer did not form any measurable NDMA levels (<2 ng/L). Batch testing was conducted with four strong‐base anion exchange resins contacted with untreated groundwater and with buffered deionized water. Results showed that some resins might leach or form NDMA and the level of NDMA produced is a function of the chemical functional group on the surface of the resin.

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Volatile nitrosamines from ion-exchange resins

Cited by 30 publications

References 9 publications

Nitrosamines and water

Nitrosamines and water

N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) as a Drinking Water Contaminant: A Review

NDMA Formation in Water and Wastewater

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