Volatile organic compounds in breath as markers of lung cancer: a cross-sectional study

Phillips, Michael; Gleeson, Kevin; Hughes, J. M. B.; Greenberg, Joel; Cataneo, Renee N.; Baker, Leigh; McVay, W Patrick

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(98)07552-7

Cited by 825 publications

(676 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Overall, in the context of previous studies documenting alterations in exhaled gases of patients with lung cancer (9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15), this study demonstrates the feasibility of clinical monitoring of VOCs in exhaled breath using a multisensor electronic nose as a relatively convenient and noninvasive test in patients with suspected lung cancer.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

“…Unfortunately, widely applicable and effective screening for lung cancer, the leading cause of cancer death in the United States today, is not available (30). Our results are comparable to previous studies evaluating lung cancer detection using gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy of exhaled gases (12,13) or an electronic nose (15). The exhaled breath of humans contains a multitude of VOCs, many of which are in ambient air as well as endogenously produced, the most abundant being acetone, methanol, ethanol, propanol, and isoprene (5).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

“…The exhaled breath of humans contains a multitude of VOCs, many of which are in ambient air as well as endogenously produced, the most abundant being acetone, methanol, ethanol, propanol, and isoprene (5). Of these, pentane, isoprene, acetone, and benzene have been shown to be present in altered patterns in lung cancer exhaled gas samples analyzed by gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy (12)(13)(14). The results of gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy in our samples corroborate these findings and suggest that the electronic nose is capable of recognizing this distinct exhaled gas pattern.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Table 4 lists selected VOCs measured and average concentration in parts per billion volume. Of VOCs present, many have been previously reported in different concentrations in patients with lung cancer compared with those without lung cancer (12)(13)(14).…”

Section: Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There may be potential utility for electronic nose technology in medical applications, including identification of bacterial pathogens (6,7,9,10) and pneumonia (8), and monitoring of glucose control in patients with diabetes (11). In this context, many VOCs, in particular alkanes and benzene derivatives, measured by mass spectrometry of the exhaled breath have been used to predict the presence of lung cancer in patients (12,13). However, the method of mass spectrometry to separate and identify 20 or more VOCs in a complex mixture is cumbersome and requires expensive equipment and highly skilled analysts, which limits its widespread application in screening and diagnosis (14).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Detection of Lung Cancer by Sensor Array Analyses of Exhaled Breath

Machado

Laskowski²,

Deffenderfer³

et al. 2005

Am J Respir Crit Care Med

537

429

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Rationale: Electronic noses are successfully used in commercial applications, including detection and analysis of volatile organic compounds in the food industry. Objectives: We hypothesized that the electronic nose could identify and discriminate between lung diseases, especially bronchogenic carcinoma. Methods: In a discovery and training phase, exhaled breath of 14 individuals with bronchogenic carcinoma and 45 healthy control subjects or control subjects without cancer was analyzed. Principal components and canonic discriminant analysis of the sensor data was used to determine whether exhaled gases could discriminate between cancer and noncancer. Discrimination between classes was performed using Mahalanobis distance. Support vector machine analysis was used to create and apply a cancer prediction model prospectively in a separate group of 76 individuals, 14 with and 62 without cancer. Main Results: Principal components and canonic discriminant analysis demonstrated discrimination between samples from patients with lung cancer and those from other groups. In the validation study, the electronic nose had 71.4% sensitivity and 91.9% specificity for detecting lung cancer; positive and negative predictive values were 66.6 and 93.4%, respectively. In this population with a lung cancer prevalence of 18%, positive and negative predictive values were 66.6 and 94.5%, respectively. Conclusion: The exhaled breath of patients with lung cancer has distinct characteristics that can be identified with an electronic nose. The results provide feasibility to the concept of using the electronic nose for managing and detecting lung cancer.

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