Volatile Organic Compounds in India: Concentration and Sources

Gaur, Manisha; Singh, Rina; Shukla, Anuradha

doi:10.4172/2165-784x.1000251

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…The volatile organic compounds (VOCs) like benzene, toluene and xylene are generally higher in ambient urban air (Gaur et al 2016 ). Among these compounds, benzene, which is a component of crude oil and petrol, demands special attention as it is a “known human carcinogen” (Category A; USEPA 1986).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…India's capital city Delhi is one of the most severely polluted megacity (air pollution) in the world (WHO 2016 , 2018 ; Biswas and Cecila 2017 ), with PM 2.5 and PM 10 levels in the National Capital Region (NCT) of Delhi consistently higher than the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS; CPCB 2009 ). Delhi's growing urbanization, industry/manufacturing, transportation, crop buring and dust storm have contributed significantly to extreme pollution levels by emitting particulate matter (PM), CO, O 3 , SO 2 , NO x , NH 3, benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) and other pollutants to its atmosphere (Goyal et al 2013 ; Rizwan et al 2013 ; WHO 2016; Gulia et al 2018 ), with serious toxicological efffects (Ghorani-Azam et al 2016 ; Pani et al 2020 ). Identifying sources and defining baseline pollution levels in Delhi's atmosphere during this lockdown will greatly relevant to epidemiological research and will also play an important role in framing future air quality standards/policies for air quality management.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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COVID-19 lockdown: a rare opportunity to establish baseline pollution level of air pollutants in a megacity, India

Sahoo

Salomão

Júnior

et al. 2021

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

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This paper analyses air quality data from megacity Delhi, India, during different periods related to the COVID-19, including pre-lockdown, lockdown and unlocked (post-lockdown) (2018–2020) to determine what baseline levels of air pollutants might be and the level of impact that could be anticipated under the COVID-19 lockdown emission scenario. The results show that air quality improved significantly during the lockdown phases, with the most significant changes occurring in the transportation and industrially dominated areas. A pronounced decline in PM 2.5 and PM 10 up to 63% and 58%, respectively, was observed during the lockdown compared to the pre-lockdown period in 2020. When compared to 2018 and 2019, they were lower by up to 51% and 61%, respectively, dropping by 56% during unlock. Some pollutants (NOx and CO) dropped significantly during lockdown, while SO 2 and O 3 declined only slightly. Moreover, when compared between the different phases of lockdown, the maximum decline for most of the pollutants and air quality index occurred during the lockdown phase 1; thus, this period was used to report the COVID-19 baseline threshold values (CBT; threshold value is the upper limit of baseline variation). Of the various statistical methods used median + 2 median absolute deviation (mMAD) was most suitable, indicating CBT values of 143 and 75 ug/m 3 for PM 10 and PM 2.5 , respectively. This results although preliminary, but it gives a positive indication that temporary lockdown can be considered as a boon to mitigate the damage we have done to the environment. Also, this baseline levels can be helpful as a first line of information to set future target limits or to develop effiective management policies for achieving better air quality in urban centres like Delhi. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13762-021-03142-3.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 lockdown: a rare opportunity to establish baseline pollution level of air pollutants in a megacity, India

Sahoo

Salomão

Júnior

et al. 2021

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…A study conducted at Central Road Research Institute, New Delhi [16] identified PM, VOC, and gas chemicals to be hazardous air pollutants in indoor and outdoor sources. The present study focused on urban sites during one season only but higher levels of pollution were seen in traffic intersections under the classified categories ( Tables 4 and 5).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Public Health Threat Assessment of Vehicular Load Index-Induced Urban Air Pollution Indices Near Traffic Intersections In Central India

Gumashta

Bijlwan

2020

Cureus

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Objectives: To assess traffic vehicular load, levels of various air pollutants, their correlation at selected traffic intersections of Bhopal city and to suggest suitable public health measures. Methods: A transverse study was conducted by convenience sampling with equated distribution among vehicular load-based large (Group1:G1: 10 TI), medium (Group2:G2: 5 TI), and small (Group3:G3: 5 TI) traffic-intersections (TI) through a systematic stratified random selection of study sites to assess traffic vehicle load index (VLI).

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“…Non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs), with aromatic structure (benzene, toluene, xylenes, ethylbenzene, commonly called as BTEX compounds), and Editorial responsibility: Mohamed F. Yassin. polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (known as PAHs), frequently found in the environment, are the result of the incomplete combustion or pyrolysis of organic matter, that is the main compound of the liquid, gaseous or solid fuels used to the energy production (Gaur et al 2016;Sekar et al 2019). Once entered into the atmosphere, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) contribute to the decrease in ozone in the stratosphere, the formation of photochemical ozone, intensify the global greenhouse effect, and its accumulation in the atmosphere.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Statistical assessment and modeling of benzene level in atmosphere in Timiş County, Romania

Bărbulescu

Barbeș

2020

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

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The aim of this article is the investigation of the benzene concentrations in the ambient air of urban and industrial areas from the Timişoara city and the rural zones of Timiş County, Romania. We use the Mann-Kendall test for assessing the existence of a monotonic trend of the average and maxima daily series. Burr and Wakeby models are fit for the distributions of the average and maximum daily series collected during a period of 7 months. Based on these distributions, we compute the probabilities of exceeding the legal limits by the average daily series. These are 0.1888, 0.2159, 0.1913, and 0.1805, respectively. The highest one corresponds to the agglomerate roadside.

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Volatile Organic Compounds in India: Concentration and Sources

Cited by 13 publications

References 0 publications

COVID-19 lockdown: a rare opportunity to establish baseline pollution level of air pollutants in a megacity, India

COVID-19 lockdown: a rare opportunity to establish baseline pollution level of air pollutants in a megacity, India

Public Health Threat Assessment of Vehicular Load Index-Induced Urban Air Pollution Indices Near Traffic Intersections In Central India

Statistical assessment and modeling of benzene level in atmosphere in Timiş County, Romania

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