“…The central mechanism of yeasts antimicrobial action is competition for available nutrients and space (Droby, Chalutz, Wilson, & Wisniewski, ; Liu et al., ). Other possible modes of action against pathogens include: the attachment to pathogens and secretion of lytic enzymes (Bar‐Shimon et al., ; Chan & Tian, ; El‐Ghaouth, Wilson, & Wisniewski, ; Vivekananthan, Ravi, Ramanathan, & Samiyappan, ); the production of antimicrobials (Arrarte, Garmendia, Rossini, Wisniewski, & Vero, ; Di Francesco, Ugolini, Lazzeri, & Mari, ; Huang et al., ) and the induction of plant defenses against pathogens, such as production of inhibitors of plant cell wall degrading enzymes, antifungal compounds, active oxygen species, and changes of tissue structure, which may include protein production (Chan, Qin, Xu, Li, & Tian, ; Droby et al., ; Hershkovitz et al., ; Ippolito, El Ghaouth, Wilson, & Wisniewski, ). Also, pH changes in the medium, as result of organic acid production (Kamzolova, Shishkanova, Morgunov, & Finogenova, ), production of ethanol (Golubev, ), depletion of iron, which is an essential nutrient for pathogens (Calvente, Benuzzi, & de Tosetti, ; Saravanakumar, Ciavorella, Spadaro, Garibaldi, & Gullino, ; Sipiczki, ), and mitigation of oxidative damage of the fruit host (Xu, Qin, & Tian, ) can decrease spoilage.…”