Volatile Siloxanes Emissions: Impact and Sustainable Abatement Perspectives

Pascual, Celia Marcos; Cantera, Sara; Lebrero, Raquel

doi:10.1016/j.tibtech.2021.05.003

Cited by 23 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The quantification of exposure via all these sources is not known and was therefore not considered in this review. However, it is known that today, human exposure to siloxanes through the environment [38], by cosmetic products [39], and medical devices [40] far exceeds that due to the additive E900 from food intake.…”

Section: Biological and Toxicological Effects Of Pdmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Considerations on the Analysis of E-900 Food Additive: An NMR Perspective

Palacios-Jordan

Jané-Brunet

et al. 2022

Foods

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Food additives are in widespread use in the food industry to extend the shelf life of food, improve its organoleptic characteristics or facilitate industrial processing. Their use is not without controversy, which makes regulation and control crucial for food safety and public health. Among food additives, silicone-based antifoaming agents (polysiloxanes or E900) are difficult to analyze and quantify due to their polymeric nature. Currently, there is no official method of quantifying this additive in foods. In this context, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a quantitative method for speciation analysis of silicon compounds almost without known interferents. In this work, we describe the evolution of the regulation of the E900 additive, discuss different analytic methods quantifying polydimethylsiloxanes (PDMS), and propose a new method based on NMR suitable for analyzing the content of E900 in the form of PDMS in various types of food from dietary oils to marmalades and jellies, among others. The proposed method consists of a previous quantitative concentration of PDMS by liquid–liquid extraction and the monitoring of the quantification using a bis(trimethylsilyl)benzene (BTMSB) standard to control the variability, ranging within 2–7%, depending on the food. This simple, direct, and reproducible procedure for aqueous and lipidic foods may help to monitor and fill a gap in regulatory legislation regarding the E900 additive.

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Section: Biological and Toxicological Effects Of Pdmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Considerations on the Analysis of E-900 Food Additive: An NMR Perspective

Palacios-Jordan

Jané-Brunet

et al. 2022

Foods

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“…Biogas produced via the anaerobic digestion of organic matter in landfill and sewage plants is a promising alternative to fossil-fuel-based energy [ 1 ]. The primary components of biogas are 50–70% CH 4 and 30–50% CO 2 , and the minor components consist of NH 3 , H 2 S, halogenated compounds, and volatile methyl siloxanes (VMS) [ 2 , 3 , 4 ]; in particular, VMSs are considered to be the most troublesome in current biogas-cleaning and -upgrading technologies [ 5 ]. In recent years, however, VMSs have become widespread in different types of biogas due to the extensive use of polydimethicone in the formulation of personal care products, industrial lubricants, glues, paints, and detergents [ 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hexamethyldisiloxane Removal from Biogas Using a Fe3O4–Urea-Modified Three-Dimensional Graphene Aerogel

Lv,

Hou,

Zheng

et al. 2023

Molecules

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Volatile methyl siloxanes (VMS), which are considered to be the most troublesome impurities in current biogas-cleaning technologies, need to be removed. In this study, we fabricated a series of Fe3O4–urea-modified reduced graphene-oxide aerogels (Fe3O4–urea–rGOAs) by using industrial-grade graphene oxide as the raw material. A fixed-bed dynamic adsorption setup was built, and the adsorption properties of the Fe3O4–urea–rGOAs for hexamethyldisiloxane (L2, as a VMS model pollutant) were studied. The properties of the as-prepared samples were investigated by employing various characterization techniques (SEM, TEM, FTIR, XRD, Raman spectroscopy, and N2 adsorption/desorption techniques). The results showed that the Fe3O4–urea–rGOA–0.4 had a high specific surface area (188 m2 g−1), large porous texture (0.77 cm3 g−1), and the theoretical maximum adsorption capacity for L2 (146.5 mg g−1). The adsorption capacity considerably increased with a decrease in the bed temperature of the adsorbents, as well as with an increase in the inlet concentration of L2. More importantly, the spent Fe3O4–urea–rGOA adsorbent could be readily regenerated and showed an excellent adsorption performance. Thus, the proposed Fe3O4–urea–rGOAs are promising adsorbents for removing the VMS in biogas.

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“…), hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S, 5000–10,000 ppm), ammonia (NH 3 , 100 ppm), and volatile methyl siloxanes (VMS, traces, 3–150 mg m −3 ) [ 3 , 4 , 5 ]. With the improvement of urbanization, silicone materials are widely used, and more than 90% of all the VMS entering the environment end up in the atmosphere [ 6 ]. Recent research claims that VMS should be classified as an emerging environmental pollutant [ 6 , 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With the improvement of urbanization, silicone materials are widely used, and more than 90% of all the VMS entering the environment end up in the atmosphere [ 6 ]. Recent research claims that VMS should be classified as an emerging environmental pollutant [ 6 , 7 ]. In particular, the presence of VMS will be converted to microcrystalline silica during combustion [ 8 ] (Equation (1)), which will impair the functions of generator components, lubricating oil and fuel catalysts, thus affecting the energy utilization of biogas [ 9 , 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Removal of Hexamethyldisiloxane via a Novel Hydrophobic (3–Aminopropyl)Trimethoxysilane-Modified Activated Porous Carbon

Lv,

Wang,

Zheng

et al. 2023

Molecules

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Volatile methyl siloxanes (VMS) must be removed because the formation of silica in the combustion process seriously affects the resource utilization of biogas. Herein, a series of APTMS ((3–aminopropyl)trimethoxysilane)-modified activated porous carbon (APC) adsorbents (named APTMS@APC) were prepared for VMS efficient removal. The as-prepared adsorbents were characterized using SEM, FTIR, Raman, X-ray diffraction analyses, and N2 adsorption/desorption. The results showed that the surface modification with APTMS enhanced the hydrophobicity of APC with the water contact angle increasing from 74.3° (hydrophilic) to 127.1° (hydrophobic), and meanwhile improved its texture properties with the SBET increasing from 981 to 1274 m2 g−1. The maximum breakthrough adsorption capacity of APTMS@APC for hexamethyldisiloxane (L2, model pollutant) was 360.1 mg g−1. Effects of an inlet L2 concentration (31.04–83.82 mg L−1) and a bed temperature (0–50 °C) on the removal of L2 were investigated. Meanwhile, after five adsorption–desorption cycles, the APTMS@APC demonstrated a superior cycling performance. This indicated that the hydrophobic APTMS@APC has a great significance to remove VMS.

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Volatile Siloxanes Emissions: Impact and Sustainable Abatement Perspectives

Cited by 23 publications

References 14 publications

Considerations on the Analysis of E-900 Food Additive: An NMR Perspective

Considerations on the Analysis of E-900 Food Additive: An NMR Perspective

Hexamethyldisiloxane Removal from Biogas Using a Fe3O4–Urea-Modified Three-Dimensional Graphene Aerogel

Removal of Hexamethyldisiloxane via a Novel Hydrophobic (3–Aminopropyl)Trimethoxysilane-Modified Activated Porous Carbon

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