Volatiles of avocado fruit

Identification of volatile compounds in cultivars barker, collinson, fortuna and geada of avocado (Persea americana, Mill.) fruit

“…Different superscript letters in the same row denote significant differences (p < 0.05); Standard deviation (SD) <0.01 is reported as 0.01 (n=3); + Compound detected but its area was less than 0.5%; ND: Not detected; * Tentative identification; 1 Reported in pulp of Australian hybrid cultivar "Sherwil" (Whitfield et al, 1980); 2 Reported in pulp of Mexican cultivar (Yamaguchi et al, 1983); 3 Reported in avocado leaves of Guatemalan and West Indian races (King & Knight, 1992); 4 Reported in pulp of fruit obtained from Israel (Sinyinda & Gramshaw, 1998); 5 Reported in pulp of California and Hass cultivars (Pino et al, 2000); 6 Reported in pulp of Mexican cultivar (Moreno et al, 2003); 7 Reported in pulp of Mexican cultivar (Lopez et al, 2004) Different superscript letters in the same row denote significant differences (p < 0.05); Standard deviation (SD) <0.01 is reported as 0.01 (n=3); + Compound detected but its area was less than 0.5%; ND: Not detected; * Tentative identification; 1 Reported in pulp of Australian hybrid cultivar "Sherwil" (Whitfield et al, 1980); 2 Reported in pulp of Mexican cultivar (Yamaguchi et al, 1983); 3 Reported in avocado leaves of Guatemalan and West Indian races (King & Knight, 1992); 4 Reported in pulp of fruit obtained from Israel (Sinyinda & Gramshaw, 1998); 5 Reported in pulp of California and Hass cultivars (Pino et al, 2000); 6 Reported in pulp of Mexican cultivar (Moreno et al, 2003); 7 Reported in pulp of Mexican cultivar (Lopez et al, 2004); 8 Reported in pulp of Moro cultivar from Cuba (Pino et al, 2004); 9 Reported in pulp of Fuerte cultivar from Egypt (El Mageed, 2007); 10 Reported in pulp of Hass cultivar from Mexico (Guzmán-Gerónimo et al, 2008); 11 Reported in oil of pulp of Australian cultivar (Haiyan et al, 2007); 12 Reported in pulp of Hass cultivar from Mexico (Dbenland et al, 2012); 13 Reported in pulp of West Indian cultivar from Florida, USA (Pereira et al, 2013). Among the identified components in all avocado cultivars were 27 alcohols, 13 aldehydes, 11 terpenes, 11 esters, 9 aromatics, 6 furans and 3 ketones.…”

“…Among them some important compounds from fruity/floral/sweet aroma standpoint are: 3-methyl-1-penten-3-ol (green, fruity), 2-octanol (floral), 1,2-propane-diol (sweet), nonanol (fruity), tridecanol (sweet-fruity), (E)-2-pentenal (fruity), isopropyl formate (sweet), isopropyl acetate (fruity), octyl acetate (fruity-floral, waxy), linalyl hexanoate (fruity), propyl dodecanoate (floral), 2-decanone (floral), acetophenone (sweet), p-methyl acetophenone while those with fatty/oily/waxy notes are: 2-propanol (bitter), 2-butanol (oily), 2-hexanol (fatty, fruity), 4-methyl-1-pentanol (oily), methyl dodecanoate (waxy, fatty). Different superscript letters in the same row denote significant differences (p < 0.05); Standard deviation (SD) <0.01 is reported as 0.01 (n=3); + Compound detected but its area was less than 0.5%; ND: Not detected; * Tentative identification; 1 Reported in pulp of Australian hybrid cultivar "Sherwil" (Whitfield et al, 1980); 2 Reported in pulp of Mexican cultivar (Yamaguchi et al, 1983); 3 Reported in avocado leaves of Guatemalan and West Indian races (King & Knight, 1992); 4 Reported in pulp of fruit obtained from Israel (Sinyinda & Gramshaw, 1998); 5 Reported in pulp of California and Hass cultivars (Pino et al, 2000); 6 Reported in pulp of Mexican cultivar (Moreno et al, 2003); 7 Reported in pulp of Mexican cultivar (Lopez et al, 2004); 8 Reported in pulp of Moro cultivar from Cuba (Pino et al, 2004); 9 Reported in pulp of Fuerte cultivar from Egypt (El Mageed, 2007); 10 Reported in pulp of Hass cultivar from Mexico (Guzmán-Gerónimo et al, 2008); 11 Reported in oil of pulp of Australian cultivar (Haiyan et al, 2007); 12 Reported in pulp of Hass cultivar from Mexico (Dbenland et al, 2012); 13 Reported in pulp of West Indian cultivar from Florida, USA (Pereira et al, 2013). …”

“…is very much appreciated, and it occupies a prominent place in the market due to its nutritional value, especially fibers and lipids. Moreover the fruit has soft flavor and low sugar content (about 10 g/kg of pulp), and thus is even recommended for diabetic suffering people since it serves as high-energy food (Sinyinda & Gramshaw, 1998;Maitera et al, 2014), maintain skin elasticity (Athar & Nasir, 2005) and reduce the coronary heart risk (Berasategi et al, 2012).…”

Analysis of Sesquiterpene Distributions in the Leaves, Branches, and Trunks of Avocado (&lt;i&gt;Persea americana&lt;/i&gt; Mill.)

“…eugenol (3.47%) and β-caryophyllene (2.1%). Steam distilled/pentane extracts of avocado fruit (unknown variety) found mostly β-caryophyllene (60%) followed by α-humulene [5.9%]), caryophyllene oxide (4.5%), α-copaene (4.5%) and α-cubebene [30]. Soxhlet extraction with methane of "Hess" (race unknown) and "Fuerte" (Guatemalan/West Indian hybrid) found eight chemicals and twenty two chemicals, respectively [31].…”

Consumer interest towards tropical fruit: factors affecting avocado fruit consumption in Italy

“…The protein content of 1-2% is considered to be greater than in any other fresh fruit (Bergh 1990b). For this reason, it is generally recommended for diabetics since it is a high-energy food (Sinyinda and Gramshaw 1998) and can be used in a wide range of food products (Pino et al 2001).…”