Volatility of Antioxidants and Antiozonants. 1. Pure Compounds in Absence of Rubber

Abstract

Comparable volatility data are presented for three phenolic and five aromatic amine compounds. Vapor pressure curves for the materials are given along with the vapor pressure equations derived from these curves. The equations are used to calculate temperatures at which the eight compounds would have equal vapor pressure. Vapor pressures of each material are calculated at specified temperatures. Data are given for several methods of determining actual losses of antioxidants at several different temperatures and at several different airflows. Surface effects are also studied. In general, all methods give the same relative rating of the eight materials, but quantitative data vary considerably with the method used.

New oligomer‐bound antioxidants in natural rubber/polybutadiene rubber and natural rubber/styrene–butadiene rubber blends

“…Polymer‐bound antioxidants have been synthesized to overcome a serious disadvantage of conventional antioxidants: their disappearance from rubber vulcanizates during service due to volatility and extractability. This disappearance has been shown to have an adverse effect on aging 5–7. Over the past several decades, numerous articles and reviews have appeared describing the benefits and various techniques of chemically incorporating antioxidants into polymeric substrates 8–13.…”

“…This disappearance has been shown to have an adverse effect on aging. [5][6][7] Over the past several decades, numerous articles and reviews have appeared describing the benefits and various techniques of chemically incorporating antioxidants into polymeric substrates. 8 -13 The preparation and characterization of new oligomer-bound antioxidants [polyisobutylenebound paraphenylene diamine (PIB-PD) and chlorinated-paraffin-wax-bound paraphenylene diamine (CPW-PD)] with saturated backbones were reported in our earlier articles.…”