“…In Subsection 4.2.1, we examine whether WM/R spreads overestimate the cost of trading, and we show that this is generally true for small trades, like $1 million, but not for larger trades. Many other studies have used WM/R spreads to proxy for transaction costs (e.g., Darvas, 2009;Banti et al, 2012;Della Corte et al, 2016;Maurer et al, 2019).…”