“…The linkage between markets has been addressed categorically in relation to such issues like the contagion phenomenon (King & Wadhwani, 1990;Caporale, Cipollin & Spagnolo, 2005), time-variation in the covariance between stock markets and the extent of market integration (Bae & Karolyi, 1994;King, Sentana & Wadhwani, 1994;Bekaert & Harvey, 1995;Longin & Solnik, 1995), and volatility transmission between markets both within countries (Frank, Gonzales & Hesse, 2008) and across global markets (Ng, 2000;Bartram & Wang, 2005). In particular, some studies focus on markets' response to global economic shocks like the 1997 Asian economic crisis (Forbes & Rigobon, 2002;Bekaert, Harvey & Ng, 2005;Corsetti, Pericoli & Sbracia, 2005;Caporale, Pittid & Spagnolo, 2006) and the 2007 financial crisis (Beirne, Caporale, Schulze & Spagnolo, 2009;Frank & Hesse, 2009). Overall, these studies suggest that during crises cross-market correlations increases, asset prices drop largely, alongside increase in market volatility.…”