Volatilization Losses of Nitrogen as Ammonia from Surface-Applied Fertilizers, Organic Amendments, and Crop Residues

Terman, G. L.

doi:10.1016/s0065-2113(08)60140-6

Cited by 252 publications

(108 citation statements)

References 116 publications

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“…(Volk 1959;Ernst and Massey 1960;Hargrove eIal. 1977;Terman 1979) have reported that when ammonium-based fertilizers, particularly urea, are left on the soil surface, substantial N loss can occur by ammonia volatilization. Thus, leaving less N for plant uptake and making urea less efficient than non-urea fertilizers (Volk 1966).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of source, method of placement and simulated rainfall on the recovery of ¹⁵N-labelled fertilizers under zero tillage

Malhi¹,

Nyborg²,

Solberg³

1996

Can. J. Soil. Sci.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of source, method of placement and simulated rainfall on the recovery of ¹⁵N-labelled fertilizers under zero tillage

Malhi¹,

Nyborg²,

Solberg³

1996

Can. J. Soil. Sci.

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“…Thus at pH 9.0, about 40% of the total nitrogen available in form of NH 3 is volatilized. When urea fertilizer is applied to the surface of agricultural soils of pH > 7.0 especially in arid and semi-arid regions, NH 4 + formed from urea is deprotonized to form NH 3 gas (Terman 1979;Patra et al 1996). This NH 3 gas readily diffuses into the atmosphere causing reasonable losses of the urea applied nitrogen.…”

Section: Volatilizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Partial balance of nitrogen in a maize cropping system in humic nitisol of Central Kenya

Kimetu

Mugendi

Bationo

et al. 2006

Nutr Cycl Agroecosyst

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The application of nitrogen in a soil under agricultural production is subject to several pathways including de-nitrification, leaching and recovery by an annual crop. This is as well greatly influenced by the management practices, nitrogen source and soil conditions. The main objective of this study was to investigate the loss of nitrogen (N) through nitrous oxide (N 2 O) emissions and mineral N leaching and uptake by annual crop as influenced by the N source. The study was carried out at Kabete in Central Kenya. Measurements were taken during the second season after two seasons of repeated application of N as urea and Tithonia diversifolia (tithonia) leaves. Results obtained indicated that nitrous oxide (N 2 O) emissions at 4 weeks after planting were as high as 12.3 lg N m À2 h À1 for tithonia treatment and 2.9 lg N m À2 h À1 for urea treatment. Tithonia green biomass treatment was found to emit N 2 O at relatively higher rate compared to urea treatment. This was only evident during the fourth week after treatment application.Soil mineral N content at the end of the season increased down the profile. This was evident in the three treatments (urea, tithonia and control) investigated in the study. Urea treatment exhibited significantly higher mineral N content down the soil profile (9% of the applied N) compared to tithonia (0.6% of the applied N). This was attributed to the washing down of the nitrate-N from the topsoil accumulating in the lower layers of the soil profile. However, there was no significant difference in N content down the soil profile between tithonia treatment and the control. It could be concluded that there was no nitrate leaching in the tithonia treatment. Nitrogen recovery by the maize crop was higher in the urea treatment (76% of the applied N) as compared to tithonia treatment (55.5% of the applied N). This was also true for the residual mineral N in the soil at the end of the season which was about 7.8% of the applied N in the urea treatment and 5.2% in the tithonia treatment.From this study, it was therefore evident that although there is relatively lower N recovery by maize supplied with tithonia green biomass compared to maize supplied with urea, more nitrogen is being lost (through leaching) from the soil-plant system in the urea applied plots than in tithonia applied plots. However, a greater percentage (37.8%) of the tithonia-applied N could not be

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“…A aplicação superficial da uréia, o mais comum fertilizante nitrogenado no mercado brasileiro, pode reduzir a quantidade de N recuperado pelas plantas, devido às perdas de NH 3 por volatilização (Terman, 1979). A uréia apresenta alta concentração de N, é de fácil manipulação e causa menor acidificação no solo, o que a torna potencialmente superior a outras fontes de N, do ponto de vista econômico.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

“…De acordo com Corsi (1975), baixa recuperação do N pelas forrageiras tropicais deveria ser esperada, devido à profundidade dos solos e chuvas fortes em alguns períodos. Todavia, Corsi (1994) relata que mais de 80% do N pode ser recuperado, quando o adubo é adequadamente aplicado.A aplicação superficial da uréia, o mais comum fertilizante nitrogenado no mercado brasileiro, pode reduzir a quantidade de N recuperado pelas plantas, devido às perdas de NH 3 por volatilização (Terman, 1979). A uréia apresenta alta concentração de N, é de fácil manipulação e causa menor acidificação no solo, o que a torna potencialmente superior a outras fontes de N, do ponto de vista econômico.…”

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Adubação nitrogenada em capim-coastcross: efeitos na extração de nutrientes e recuperação aparente do nitrogênio

Primavesi

Corrêa

et al. 2004

R. Bras. Zootec.

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RESUMO -Foi conduzido experimento em Latossolo Vermelho Distrófico típico, em São Carlos, SP, para avaliar o efeito de doses e fontes de nitrogênio (N), no teor, extração dos nutrientes e na recuperação do N aplicado em capim-coastcross (Cynodon dactylon cv. Coastcross). Foram aplicadas sobre a superfície do solo cinco doses de N (0, 25, 50, 100 e 200 kg ha -1 corte -1 ), na forma de uréia ou de nitrato de amônio, em cinco períodos consecutivos, durante a estação chuvosa. Foram determinados os teores e calculada a extração de nutrientes e a recuperação do N. Houve aumento na extração dos nutrientes com o aumento da produção de forragem, com elevados valores principalmente para N e K. Para altas produções de forragem (tratamento 500 kg ha -1 ano -1 de N) e para as duas fontes de nitrogênio as extrações dos macronutrientes foram maiores para K e N, seguidas de Ca, S, P e Mg e dos micronutrientes Fe, Mn, Zn e Cu. A recuperação média de N da uréia foi de 68% do N obtido do nitrato de amônio, que variou, em média, de 68 a 75%.Palavras-chave: Cynodon dactylon, doses de N, nitrato de amônio, nitrogênio absorvido, produção de biomassa, uréia Nitrogen Fertilization in Coastcross Grass: Effects on Nutrient Extraction and Apparent Nitrogen RecoveryABSTRACT -Contents, nutrient extraction, and apparent applied N recovery were determined in a coastcross pasture established on a dark red latosol (Hapludox), in São Carlos, SP, Brazil, receiving five rates of N as urea or amonium nitrate, surface-applied (0, 25, 50, 100, and 200 kg ha -1 cutting -1 ) in five consecutive periods, during the rainy season. Nutrient extraction increased with increasing nitrogen rates. When forage yield was high (treatment with 500 kg ha -1 year -1 of N) and for both fertilizers, macronutrient extraction was greater for K and N, followed by Ca, S, P, and Mg. Micronutrient extraction occurred in the following decreasing order: Fe, Mn, Zn, and Cu. Nitrogen recoveries from urea and ammonium nitrate surface-applied on coastcross pasture were calculated. Significant differences occurred within periods (P<0.05), depending on climatic conditions. Mean N recovery of urea was about 68% of that of ammonium nitrate. Recovery of ammonium nitrate-N ranged from 68 to 75% of applied N.Key Words: ammonium nitrate, biomass production, Cynodon dactylon, nitrogen levels, nitrogen uptake, urea IntroduçãoAs pastagens constituem o principal e mais barato componente da dieta de bovinos e, como tal, representam a base de sustentação da pecuária de corte no Brasil. Todavia, a maioria das pastagens está na região de Cerrados, nas áreas de menor fertilidade, explorada de maneira extrativista e, como conseqüência, em processo de degradação. Essa situação tem contribuído para que a pecuária de corte apresente, há décadas, índices zootécnicos muito baixos (Corsi, 1986), com taxa de lotação das pastagens em torno de 0,5 UA ha -1 e produtividade na faixa de 100 kg ha -1 ano -1 de peso vivo.Embora as gramíneas forrageiras tropicais não sejam de excelente qualidade, pois o ganho de p...

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Volatilization Losses of Nitrogen as Ammonia from Surface-Applied Fertilizers, Organic Amendments, and Crop Residues

Cited by 252 publications

References 116 publications

Influence of source, method of placement and simulated rainfall on the recovery of ¹⁵N-labelled fertilizers under zero tillage

Influence of source, method of placement and simulated rainfall on the recovery of ¹⁵N-labelled fertilizers under zero tillage

Partial balance of nitrogen in a maize cropping system in humic nitisol of Central Kenya

Adubação nitrogenada em capim-coastcross: efeitos na extração de nutrientes e recuperação aparente do nitrogênio

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Volatilization Losses of Nitrogen as Ammonia from Surface-Applied Fertilizers, Organic Amendments, and Crop Residues

Cited by 252 publications

References 116 publications

Influence of source, method of placement and simulated rainfall on the recovery of 15N-labelled fertilizers under zero tillage

Influence of source, method of placement and simulated rainfall on the recovery of 15N-labelled fertilizers under zero tillage

Partial balance of nitrogen in a maize cropping system in humic nitisol of Central Kenya

Adubação nitrogenada em capim-coastcross: efeitos na extração de nutrientes e recuperação aparente do nitrogênio

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Influence of source, method of placement and simulated rainfall on the recovery of ¹⁵N-labelled fertilizers under zero tillage

Influence of source, method of placement and simulated rainfall on the recovery of ¹⁵N-labelled fertilizers under zero tillage