Volatilization of B4C control rods in Fukushima Daiichi nuclear reactors during meltdown: B–Li isotopic signatures in cesium-rich microparticles

Fueda, Kazuki; Takami, Ryu; Minomo, Kenta; Morooka, Kazuya; Horie, Kenji; Takehara, Mami; Yamasaki, Shinya; Saito, Takumi; Shiotsu, Hiroyuki; Ohnuki, Toshihiko; Law, Gareth T. W.; Grambow, Bernd; Ewing, Rodney C.; Utsunomiya, Satoshi

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128214

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Because of the lightweight nature of the formed material (0.20–4.79 g/cm 3 ; derived from ( m s1 – m s0 )/ V 1 of 973 and 1073 K tests in Table 2 ), its release from the plant site in the event of hydrogen explosion 41 becomes conceivable. Our candidate cesium-bearing material (CsAlSiO 4 ) is consistent with some recent field-observed water-insoluble cesium-bearing materials, 8 , 42 , 43 where the coherent elemental distribution of Cs, O, Si, and Al was obtained. Nevertheless, due to the non-negligible incorporation of other constituents such as Fe and Zn in the materials, it is imperative to further investigate whether they originate from the field and hence contaminated the quantitative analyses reported in the works 8 , 42 , 43 or they are intrinsic to the Si(Al)-material prior to reaction with cesium.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

High-Temperature Gaseous Reaction of Cesium with Siliceous Thermal Insulation: The Potential Implication to the Provenance of Enigmatic Fukushima Cesium-Bearing Material

et al. 2022

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Here, we report an investigation of the gas–solid reaction between cesium hydroxide (CsOH) and siliceous (calcium silicate) thermal insulation at high temperature, which is postulated as the origin for the formation mechanism of cesium-bearing material emitted from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant. A developed reaction furnace consisting of two heating compartments was used to study the reaction at temperatures of 873, 973, and 1073 K. Under the influence of hydrogen-steam atmospheric conditions (H 2 /H 2 O = 0.2), the reaction between cesium hydroxide vapor and solid thermal insulation was confirmed to occur at temperatures of 973 and 1073 K with the formation of dicalcium silicate (Ca 2 SiO 4 ) and cesium aluminum silicate (CsAlSiO 4 ). Water-dissolution analyses of the reaction products have demonstrated their stability, in particular, CsAlSiO 4 . Constituent similarity of the field-observed cesium-bearing materials near the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plants with CsAlSiO 4 suggests for the first time that gaseous reaction between CsOH with calcium silicate thermal insulation could be one of the original formation mechanisms of the cesium-bearing materials.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

High-Temperature Gaseous Reaction of Cesium with Siliceous Thermal Insulation: The Potential Implication to the Provenance of Enigmatic Fukushima Cesium-Bearing Material

et al. 2022

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“…This includes boron and boron nitride among several others. Boron consists of two stable isotopes, namely 10 B and Boron-11 ( 11 B), among these two 10 B has a larger neutron cross section area [94,95] that is 3890 barns, hence it is quite often used in its enriched compound (boron carbide) form as control rods [96].…”

Section: Neutron Capturingmentioning

confidence: 99%

A current review on boron nitride nanotubes and their applications

Lenin Tamilkovan,

Arumugam

2024

Adv. Nat. Sci: Nanosci. Nanotechnol.

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BNNTs are the tubular variants of the ceramic compound hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) and are known for their high thermal and chemical stability. The research on BNNTs is ever-evolving, researchers are on a quest to optimise the synthesis procedure for the nanomaterial. Here a variety of currently followed synthesis techniques were discussed and compared. X-ray diffraction patterns and electron microscopy results of BNNTs synthesised by various techniques were compared, this would give the pros and cons of each synthesis technique. Based on this, suggestions for the best-suited synthesis technique from an academic as well as industrial perspective were given. The individual properties of these nanotubes, along with their potential applications in the field of spintronics, surface wetting, and radiation capture were delineated.

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“…B was measured in significant concentrations, with a median B/Si atomic ratio value of 8 × 10 −2 . A specific study 29 reported that CsMPs contains 1518 to 6733 mg kg −1 of 10+11 B. For a CsMP composed of 60 % SiO 2 by mass, the atomic ratio of B/Si thus varies from 1.4 × 10 −2 to 6.2 × 10 −2 .…”

Section: Global Chemical Composition Of Synthesized Csmpsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Origin and generation mechanism of type-A Cs-bearing microparticles from Fukushima Daiichi

Laffolley,

Journeau,

Grambow

2023

Preprint

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The Fukushima Daiichi accident resulted in the release of a novel form of radioactive Cs contamination into the environment, called Cs-bearing microparticles (CsMP). CsMPs constitute a substantial portion of the radioactive pollution near the nuclear power station and traveled beyond several hundred kilometers. Extensive characterization of the CsMPs revealed an amorphous silica matrix, along with Cs and other minor or trace elements such as Fe and Zn. This study explores the unclear generation mechanism of CsMPs by conducting experimental molten core concrete interactions (MCCI) as a source of Si and analyzing the resultant aerosols. The findings demonstrate that MCCI is in capacity to produce spherical submicronic and micronic particles, primarily composed of amorphous silica and incorporating elements akin to CsMPs. A humid atmosphere is found to favour an even closer chemical composition. Examination of the internal structure of the synthesized particles unveils numerous crystalline nanoinclusions, similar to those observed in CsMPs, possibly serving as nucleation sites for CsMP formation through the condensation of Si-rich vapors.

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Volatilization of B4C control rods in Fukushima Daiichi nuclear reactors during meltdown: B–Li isotopic signatures in cesium-rich microparticles

Cited by 13 publications

References 44 publications

High-Temperature Gaseous Reaction of Cesium with Siliceous Thermal Insulation: The Potential Implication to the Provenance of Enigmatic Fukushima Cesium-Bearing Material

High-Temperature Gaseous Reaction of Cesium with Siliceous Thermal Insulation: The Potential Implication to the Provenance of Enigmatic Fukushima Cesium-Bearing Material

A current review on boron nitride nanotubes and their applications

Origin and generation mechanism of type-A Cs-bearing microparticles from Fukushima Daiichi

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