Volatilization, transport and sublimation of metallic and non-metallic elements in high temperature gases at Merapi Volcano, Indonesia

Symonds, Robert B.; Rose, William I.; Reed, Mark H.; Lichte, Frederick E.; Finnegan, David L.

doi:10.1016/0016-7037(87)90258-4

Cited by 309 publications

(182 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…For example, condensates collected from 700°C fumarolic gases at the rhyolitic Satsuma Iwojima volcano (Japan) contain between 0.4 and 0.9 ppm Mo (Hedenquist et al, 1994). Similarly high concentrations have been reported for fumarolic condensates from the andesitic Merapi volcano (Indonesia) and the basaltic to andesitic Kudryavy volcano (Russia), i.e., 2.8 ppm for a 796°C fumarole and 0.27 ppm for a 920°C fumarole, respectively (Symonds et al, 1987;Taran et al, 1995;Wahrenberger et al, 2002 (Wahrenberger et al, 2002;Quisefit et al, 1989). Similarly, maximum molybdenite deposition from Merapi fumaroles occurred over the temperature interval of 530-767°C (Symonds et al, 1987).…”

Section: Fumarolic Condensafes and Sublimatesmentioning

confidence: 56%

“…Recent experimental evidence has suggested that the development of hydration shells around metal oxides and chlorides can greatly increase the solubility of these metals, perhaps even to ore-forming concentrations (e.g., Archibald et al, 2001Archibald et al, , 2002. Support for the idea that aqueous vapour may play an important role in metal transport has also been provided by observations of high metal concentrations in vapour-rich fluid inclusions (Heinrich et al, 1992, and the metal concentrations of fumarolic gases and sublimates (e.g., Symonds et al, 1987Symonds et al, , 1992Wahrenberger et al, 2002).…”

Section: The Vapour Transport Of Metalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…SOLVGAS and GASWORKS models (Symonds et al, 1987) (1987,1992) suggests that gaseous Mo speciation varies with gas composition and temperature, but that the hydrated molybdenum trioxide or molybdic acid is an important complex even in gases with relatively high chlorine concentrations.…”

Section: Thermodynamic Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This latter idea has recently gained credibility as a result of studies reporting elevated concentrations of metals in vapour-rich fluid inclusions (Heinrich et al, 1992Ulrich et al, 1999 (Symonds et al, 1987).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

The solubility and speciation of molybdenum in water vapour at elevated temperatures and pressures: Implications for ore genesis

Rempel

Migdisov

Williams‐Jones

2006

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta

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Section: Fumarolic Condensafes and Sublimatesmentioning

confidence: 56%

Section: The Vapour Transport Of Metalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Thermodynamic Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The solubility and speciation of molybdenum in water vapour at elevated temperatures and pressures: Implications for ore genesis

Rempel

Migdisov

Williams‐Jones

2006

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta

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“…Aerosols within volcanic plumes may be highly enriched in these elements relative to levels in either crustal material or ash deposited in the immediate vicinity of the eruption (Symonds et al, 1987).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In situ physical and chemical characterisation of the Eyjafjallajökull aerosol plume in the free troposphere over Italy

et al. 2014

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Abstract. Continuous measurements of physical and chemical properties at the Mt. Cimone (Italy) GAW-WMO (Global Atmosphere Watch, World Meteorological Organization) Global Station (2165 m a.s.l.) have allowed the detection of the volcanic aerosol plume resulting from the Eyjafjallajökull (Iceland) eruption of spring 2010. The event affected the Mt. Cimone site after a transport over a distance of more than 3000 km. Two main transport episodes were detected during the eruption period, showing a volcanic fingerprint discernible against the free tropospheric background conditions typical of the site, the first from April 19 to 21 and the second from 18 to 20 May 2010. This paper reports the modification of aerosol characteristics observed during the two episodes, both characterised by an abrupt increase in fine and, especially, coarse mode particle number.Analysis of major, minor and trace elements by different analytical techniques (ionic chromatography, particle induced X-ray emission-particle induced gamma-ray emission (PIXE-PIGE) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS)) were performed on aerosols collected by ground-level discrete sampling. The resulting database allows the characterisation of aerosol chemical composition during the volcanic plume transport and in background conditions. During the passage of the volcanic plume, the fine fraction was dominated by sulphates, denoting the secondary origin of this mode, mainly resulting from in-plume oxidation of volcanic SO 2 . By contrast, the coarse fraction was characterised by increased concentration of numerous elements of crustal origin, such as Fe, Ti, Mn, Ca, Na, and Mg, which enter the composition of silicate minerals. Data analysis of selected elements (Ti, Al, Fe, Mn) allowed the estimation of the volcanic plume's contribution to total PM 10 , resulting in a local enhancement of up to 9.5 µg m −3 , i.e. 40 % of total PM 10 on 18 May, which was the most intense of the two episodes. These results appear significant, especially in light of the huge distance of Mt. Cimone from the source, confirming the widespread diffusion of the Eyjafjallajökull ashes over Europe.

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Zinc and germanium in the sedimentary rocks of Gale Crater on Mars indicate hydrothermal enrichment followed by diagenetic fractionation

et al. 2017

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Zinc and germanium enrichments have been discovered in sedimentary rocks in Gale Crater, Mars, by the Alpha Particle X‐ray Spectrometer on the rover Curiosity. Concentrations of Zn (910 ± 840 ppm) and Ge (65 ± 58 ppm) are tens to hundreds of times greater than in Martian meteorites and estimates for average silicate Mars. Enrichments occur in diverse rocks including minimally to extensively altered basaltic and alkalic sedimentary rocks. The magnitude of the enrichments indicates hydrothermal fluids, but Curiosity has not discovered unambiguous hydrothermal mineral assemblages. We propose that Zn‐ and Ge‐rich hydrothermal deposits in the source region were dispersed in siliciclastic sediments during transport into the crater. Subsequent diagenetic mobilization and fractionation of Zn and Ge is evident in a Zn‐rich sandstone (Windjana; Zn ~4000 ppm, Ge ~85 ppm) and associated Cl‐rich vein (Stephen; Zn ~8000 ppm, Ge ~60 ppm), in Ge‐rich veins (Garden City; Zn ~2200 ppm, Ge ~650 ppm), and in silica‐rich alteration haloes leached of Zn (30–200 ppm). In moderately to highly altered silica‐rich rocks, Ge remained immobile relative to leached elements (Fe, Mn, Mg, and Ca), consistent with fluid interaction at pH ≪ 7. In contrast, crosscutting Ge‐rich veins at Garden City suggest aqueous mobilization as Ge‐F complexes at pH < 2.5. Multiple jarosite detections by the CheMin X‐ray diffractometer and variable Zn concentrations indicate diagenesis of lower Mount Sharp bedrock under acidic conditions. The enrichment and fractionation of Zn and Ge constrains fluid events affecting Gale sediments and can aid in unraveling fluid histories as Curiosity's traverse continues.

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Volatilization, transport and sublimation of metallic and non-metallic elements in high temperature gases at Merapi Volcano, Indonesia

Cited by 309 publications

References 39 publications

The solubility and speciation of molybdenum in water vapour at elevated temperatures and pressures: Implications for ore genesis

The solubility and speciation of molybdenum in water vapour at elevated temperatures and pressures: Implications for ore genesis

In situ physical and chemical characterisation of the Eyjafjallajökull aerosol plume in the free troposphere over Italy

Zinc and germanium in the sedimentary rocks of Gale Crater on Mars indicate hydrothermal enrichment followed by diagenetic fractionation

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