Volcanic and Chemical Evolution of the Canary Islands

Schmincke, Hans‐Ulrich

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-68409-8_12

Cited by 169 publications

(156 citation statements)

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“…A general but slightly diffuse westward age progression of the shield phases of the islands was interpreted as evidence for a hot spot origin of the Canary Islands (Figure 2) [Wilson, 1973;Schmincke, 1976Schmincke, , 1982Schmincke, , 1998]. The data collected by us document giant landslides offshore the older eastern Canary Islands as well.…”

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confidence: 67%

Submarine landslides around the Canary Islands

Krastel¹,

Schmincke²,

Jacobs³

et al. 2001

J. Geophys. Res.

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Abstract. The morphology and structure of the submarine flanks of the Canary Islands were mapped using the GLORIA long-range side-scan sonar system, bathymetric multibeam systems, and sediment echosounders. Twelve young (<2 Ma) giant landslides have been identified on the submarine flanks of the Canary Islands up to now. Older landslide events are long buried under a thick sediment cover due to high sedimentation rates around the Canary Islands. Most slides were found on the flanks of the youngest and most active islands of La Palma, E1 Hierro, and Tenerife, but young giant landslides were also identified on the flanks of the older (15-20 Ma) but still active eastern islands. Large-scale mass wasting is an important process during all periods of major magmatic activity. The long-lived volcanic constructive history of the islands of the Canary Archipelago is balanced by a co•rrespondingly long history of destruction, resulting in a higher landslide frequency for the Canary Islands compared to the Hawaiian Islands, where giant landslides only occur late in the period of active shield growth. The lower stability of the flanks of the Canaries is probably due to the much steeper slopes of the islands, a result of the abundance of highly evolved intrusive and extrusive rocks. Another reason for the enhanced slope instability is the abundance of pyroclastic deposits on Canary Islands resulting from frequent explosive eruptions due to the elevated volatile contents in the highly alkalic magmas. Dike-induced rifting is most likely the main trigger mechanism for destabilization of the flanks. Flank collapses are a major geological hazard for the Canary Islands due to the sector collapses themselves as well as triggering of tsunamis. In at least one case, a giant lateral blast occurred when an active magmatic or hydrothermal system became unroofed during flank collapse.

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confidence: 67%

Submarine landslides around the Canary Islands

Krastel¹,

Schmincke²,

Jacobs³

et al. 2001

J. Geophys. Res.

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“…1) has an unusually long magmatic history ranging from at least 20 Ma (possibly from the Late Cretaceous) in the eastern Canaries through 12−16 Ma in the central part of the archipelago to ca. less than 1 to 4 Ma on the westernmost islands, representing an age-progressive ~500 km long island chain (e.g., Abdel-Monem et al, 1971, 1972Schmincke, 1982;Guillou et al, 1996;Schmincke and Sumita, 1998). Volcanic rocks from the Canary Islands display an exceptionally large compositional range, including tholeiites, alkali basalt through trachyte and peralkaline rhyolite, basanite and nephelinite through phonolite (Fúster et al, 1968;6 Ibarrola, 1970;Hoernle and Schmincke, 1993).…”

Section: Geological Setting and Studied Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enriched, HIMU-type peridotite and depleted recycled pyroxenite in the Canary plume: A mixed-up mantle

Gurenko

Sobolev

Hoernle

et al. 2009

Earth and Planetary Science Letters

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Components:abstract -280 words; 1,834 characters with spaces; main text -6,330 words; 41,109 characters with spaces; 5 figures, 2 tables; list of references includes 60 citations. * Corresponding author and present address:Andrey Gurenko, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Clark 114, MS#23, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA; Phone: +1 508 289-2405, Fax: +1 508-457-2175; E-mail: agurenko@whoi.edu 2 Abstract − The Earth's mantle is chemically and isotopically heterogeneous, and a component of recycled oceanic crust is generally suspected in the convecting mantle Mantle plumes from ancient oceanic crust. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 57,[421][422][423][424][425][426][427][428][429][430][431][432][433][434][435][436]. Indeed, the HIMU component (high μ = 238 U/ 204 Pb), one of four isotopically distinct end-members in the Earth's mantle, is generally attributed to relatively old (≥1-2 Ga) recycled oceanic crust in the form of eclogite/pyroxenite, e.g. [Zindler and Hart, 1986. Chemical geodynamics. Ann. Rev. Earth Planet.Sci. 14, 493-571]. Although the presence of the recycled component is generally supported by element and isotopic data, little is known about its physical state at mantle depths. Here we show that the concentrations of Ni, Mn and Ca in olivine from the Canarian shield stage lavas, which can be used to asses the physical nature of the source material (peridotite versus olivine-free pyroxenite) [Sobolev et al., 2007. The amount of recycled crust in sources of mantle-derived melts. Science 316, 412-417], correlate strongly with bulk rock Sr, Nd and Pb isotopic ratios. The most important result following from our data is that the enriched, HIMU-type (having higher 206 Pb/ 204 Pb than generally found in the other mantle endmembers) signature of the Canarian hotspot magmas was not caused by a pyroxenite/eclogite constituent of the plume but appears to have been primarily hosted by peridotite. This implies that the old (older than ~1 Ga) ocean crust, which has more evolved radiogenic isotope compositions, was stirred into/reacted with the mantle so that there is not significant eclogite left, whereas younger recycled oceanic crust with depleted MORB isotopic signature (<1 Ga) can be preserved as eclogite, which when melted can generate reaction pyroxenite.

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“…Las determinaciones de Nd, Pb YSr muestran, en general, escasa variabilidad en el conjunto de rocas básicas y sálicas, hecho ya observado por autores anteriores (Sun, 1980;Schmincke, 1982;Sigmarsson et al, 1992, y Thirlwall et al, 1997.…”

Section: S Helenõunclassified

“…4). En este mismo gráfico se corrobora la observación de Schmincke (1982) de que las rocas más jóvenes presentan los valores más bajos de isótopos de Pb, las lavas más recientes de Lanzarote, Gran Canaria y Hierro presentan los valores más bajos. El gráfico 206PbPo4Pb -143Ndjl44Na sitúa el campo de las volcanitas canarias próximo a MORB, PREMA e HIMU.…”

Section: S Helenõunclassified

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Aparicio¹,

Hernán²,

Cubas³

et al. 2003

Estud. geol.

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RESUMENUna selección de 74 muestras de rocas volcánicas de las islas Canarias se ha utilizado para delimitar la variabilidad de los magmas canarios. Relaciones isotópicas de Pb, Sr y Nd situan las fuentes magmáticas como una mezcla de HIMU y EM2. La presencia de una corteza con un grosor variable de sedimentos explicaría el proceso de contaminación observable en algunas islas.El modelo condrítico de tierras raras indicaría un proceso de diferenciación magmáti-ca por cristalización fraccionada como el más apropiado para la secuencia magmática canaria. Algunos cambios composicionales observados en rocas básicas pueden estar en relación con procesos de contaminación.Palabras clave: Fuente magmática. contaminación. ABSTRACTA total of 74 samples of canarian volcanic rocks allows to show the variability of the magmatism. Isotopie relationships (Pb, Sr and Nd) limits the magmatie reservoirs to HIMU and EM2. The existence of sediments in the canarian crust would explain the eontamination proeesses existing in sorne islands.The chondritic REE pattern indicates a fractional crystallization process for the eanarian magmatic sequenee, ehemieal changes observed in sorne basie roeks eould be related to contamination processes.

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Volcanic and Chemical Evolution of the Canary Islands

Cited by 169 publications

References 65 publications

Submarine landslides around the Canary Islands

Submarine landslides around the Canary Islands

Enriched, HIMU-type peridotite and depleted recycled pyroxenite in the Canary plume: A mixed-up mantle

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