Volcanic and related hazards

Scott, William E.

doi:10.1029/sc001p0009

Cited by 16 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 224 publications

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“…The range of eruption styles of Fisher volcano presents a wide variety of potential hazards (Blong, 1984;Scott, 1989;Blong, 1996), although the lack of infrastructure surrounding Fisher volcano and its remote location limit the exposure of people and property to substantial risk. It is unlikely that anyone would be exposed to significant hazard from a non-explosive or small explosive eruption of Fisher volcano unless adventurers were traveling in the area or boats were near the coast.…”

Section: Potentially Hazardous Volcanic Phenomena At Fisher Volcanomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Vital equipment, such as that in power plants, water pumping or treatment facilities, electrical generation systems, and factories, all of which are present at Akutan, could be damaged. Telephone and other communications equipment can also be short circuited (Blong, 1984;Scott, 1989;Blong, 1996). If future eruptions at Fisher Caldera are similar in size to the eruptions of only the last 200 years, the areas most likely to be affected by significant ashfall will be restricted to the area within the caldera, the flanks of the volcano, and nearby areas of Unimak Island, and are unlikely to create significant risk to people.…”

Section: Volcanic Ash and Bomb Falloutmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Preliminary volcano-hazard assessment for Fisher volcano, Unimak Island, Alaska

Stelling¹,

Beget²,

Gardner³

et al. 2014

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Cover photograph: An aerial view, looking westward, over the western half of the 18 × 12 kilometer caldera of Fisher volcano, with the snow-covered Westdahl group of volcanoes (Westdahl, Faris Peak, Pogromni, and Pogromni's Sister, left to right) SUMMARY OF HAZARDS AT FISHER VOLCANOFisher volcano, containing the largest Holocene caldera in the Aleutian volcanic arc, is an active volcano near the center of Unimak Island, about 120 kilometers southwest of Cold Bay and about 175 kilometers northeast of Dutch Harbor. The volcano is composed of numerous small volcanic centers around and within a large, oval caldera 12 by 18 kilometers in diameter and 500 to 1,000 meters deep that formed during a catastrophic eruption about 9,400 years ago. Since then, more than 30 separate vents inside and outside the caldera have erupted; the most recent eruption occurred in 1826 (Grewingk, 1850; Miller and others, 1998). These eruptions have produced lava flows and widespread tephra (volcanic ash) deposits, and have occasionally been accompanied by large floods and lahars. The history of Fisher volcano includes repeated explosive and non-explosive eruptions of varying levels of intensity, and indicates that this pattern will continue in the future. Understanding the variety of potential hazards associated with different types of volcanic processes typical of Fisher volcano can help minimize the adverse effect of future eruptions on humans and infrastructure. Volcanic ash cloudsThe generation of clouds of pulverized rock debris, pumice, volcanic ash, and gas that are blasted high into the atmosphere and then drift away from the volcano with the wind is the most prominent hazard associated with future explosive eruptions of Fisher volcano. Ash-rich clouds formed during large eruptions can reach heights of 20 kilometers or more above the volcano. Prevailing winds near Fisher Caldera are from the west, which would carry ash clouds to the east and northeast of the volcano, although dispersal in other directions is possible. The geologic history of Fisher volcano bears evidence of several large eruptions, although most recent eruptions of Fisher have been smaller. All aircraft should avoid flying near ash clouds, as contact with ash particles of any size can damage aircraft windows and instruments, clog air vents, and disable jet engines. Volcanic ash fallout SUGGESTIONS FOR READING THIS REPORT Readers who want a brief overview of the hazards at Fisher volcano are encouraged to read the summary and consult sheet 1 and the illustrations. Individual sections of this report provide a slightly more comprehensive overview of the various hazards at Fisher volcano. A glossary of geologic terms is included and additional information about Fisher volcano may be obtained by consulting the references cited at the end of this report.

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Section: Potentially Hazardous Volcanic Phenomena At Fisher Volcanomentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Volcanic Ash and Bomb Falloutmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary volcano-hazard assessment for Fisher volcano, Unimak Island, Alaska

Stelling¹,

Beget²,

Gardner³

et al. 2014

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“…A wide range of volcanic phenomena poses potential threats to human life, property, and the environment around volcanoes (Scott, 1989). The specific areas at risk due to volcanic hazards will vary according to the magnitude and style of the eruptions.…”

Section: Hazardous Phenomena At Makushin Volcanomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Even relatively thin (1 to 2 centimeter) ashfalls can affect the cooling and electri- (Blong, 1984;Scott, 1989).…”

Section: 000mentioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary volcano-hazard assessment for Makushin Volcano, Alaska

Beget¹,

Nye²,

Bean³

2000

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Publication is required by Alaska Statute 4 1, "to determine the potential ofAlaskan land for production of metals, minerals, fuels, and geothermal resources; the location and supplies of groundwater and construction materials; the potential geologic hazards to buildings, roads, bridges, and other installations and structures; and shall conduct such other surveys and investigations as will advance knowledge of the geology of Alaska."

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“…In the past 10,000 years, nearly 10 percent of the Earth's eruptions occurred in Alaska (Simkin and others, 1981). Although scientists cannot predict which of Alaska's volcanoes will erupt next, the types of volcanic activity that can be expected from future eruptions are well known (Scott, 1989;UNDRO, 1985;Blong, 1984) and enable us to construct the following list of hazardous volcanic events that can be produced by Alaskan eruptions: debris flows, lateral blasts, lava flows and domes, pyroclastic flows and surges, tephra, tsunamis, volcanic gases, and volcanic landslides. Since 1800, most eruptions in Alaska have generated little cause for concern, but like the 1989-90 eruption of Redoubt, some have had direct and dramatic effects on the lives of people and communities surrounding Cook Inlet.…”

Section: Future Eruptions In Alaskamentioning

confidence: 99%