Volcanic eruptions following M ≥ 9 megathrust earthquakes: Implications for the Sumatra-Andaman volcanoes

Walter, Thomas R.; Amelung, F.

doi:10.1130/g23429a.1

Cited by 180 publications

(159 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…1 include only eruptions triggered within days (e.g., Linde & Sacks 1998). We do not include delayed triggered eruptions (e.g., Hill et al 2002;Marzocchi 2002;Walter & Amelung 2007) as these are less straightforward to establish as triggered events (Eggert & Walter 2009). The mechanism(s) responsible for magmatic eruption are more difficult to identify than the mechanisms for mud volcano eruption as there are a greater number of thermal and mechanical processes that operate in magmatic volcanoes.…”

Section: Changes In Permeabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrologic Responses to Earthquakes and a General Metric

Wang¹,

Manga²

2010

Frontiers in Geofluids

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Hydrologic responses to earthquakes, including liquefaction, changes in stream and spring discharge, changes in the properties of groundwater such as geochemistry, temperature and turbidity, changes in the water level in wells, and the eruption of mud volcanoes, have been documented for thousands of years. Except for some water-level changes in the near field which can be explained by poroelastic responses to static stress changes, most hydrologic responses, both within and beyond the near field, can only be explained by the dynamic responses associated with seismic waves. For these responses, the seismic energy density e may be used as a general metric to relate and compare the various hydrologic responses. We show that liquefaction, eruption of mud volcanoes and increases in streamflow are bounded by e $ 10 )1 J m )3 ; temperature changes in hot springs are bounded by e $ 10 )2 J m )3 ; most sustained groundwater changes are bounded by e $ 10 )3 J m )3 ; geysers and triggered seismicity may respond to seismic energy density as small as 10 )3 and 10 )4 J m )3 , respectively. Comparing the threshold energy densities with published laboratory measurements, we show that undrained consolidation induced by dynamic stresses can explain liquefaction only in the near field, but not beyond the near field. We propose that in the intermediate field and far field, most responses are triggered by changes in permeability that in turn are a response to the cyclic deformation and oscillatory fluid flow. Published laboratory measurements confirm that changes in flow and time-varying stresses can change permeability, inducing both increases and decreases. Field measurements in wells also indicate that permeability can be changed by earthquakes in the intermediate field and far field. Further work, in particular field monitoring and measurements, are needed to assess the generality of permeability changes in explaining far-field hydrologic responses to earthquakes.

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Section: Changes In Permeabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrologic Responses to Earthquakes and a General Metric

Wang¹,

Manga²

2010

Frontiers in Geofluids

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“…They proposed a mechanism for volcanic eruption triggered by earthquakeinduced volumetric expansion. According to their theory, the same strain changes may enhance the unclamping of fracture systems and allow the opening of dykes for magma intrusion [11]. Volumetric expansion or ascending basaltic magma will lead to the exsolution of CO 2 [11,12], which decreases the magma's density and viscosity and enhances the ascent of gas bubbles and magma.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to their theory, the same strain changes may enhance the unclamping of fracture systems and allow the opening of dykes for magma intrusion [11]. Volumetric expansion or ascending basaltic magma will lead to the exsolution of CO 2 [11,12], which decreases the magma's density and viscosity and enhances the ascent of gas bubbles and magma. Such a reaction would cause additional depressurization, further volatile exsolution [13], and volumetric expansion of the gas.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Influence of the March 11, 2011 M w 9.0 Tohoku-oki earthquake on regional volcanic activities

Shen

Wang

et al. 2011

Chin. Sci. Bull.

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Two days after the March 11, 2011, M w 9.0 Tohoku-oki earthquake, Shinmoedake volcano, located on the Japanese island of Honshu, erupted. Was this eruption triggered by the Tohoku-oki earthquake? Could Mount Fuji and Changbaishan volcanoes also be triggered to erupt? By calculating changes in the regional stress-strain field that resulted from the earthquake, we find that Mount Fuji, Shinmoedake and Changbaishan volcanoes are all located in regions of volumetric expansion. The volumetric expansions at a depth of 10 km are up to ~220 nano-strain, ~8 nano-strain, and ~14 nano-strain, respectively, for the three volcanoes. The strain changes inferred from GPS co-seismic displacements also suggest that these three volcanoes are located in regions with surface areal expansion. Considering that the expansional stress may cause the opening of magma channels, exsolution of CO 2 gases stored in magma, and a series of positive feedback effects, the Tohoku-oki earthquake may result in an increase in the activity of these volcanoes. Attention should be paid to potential triggering of volcanic eruptions by stress changes induced by the Tohoku-oki earthquake.2011 Tohoku-oki earthquake, Mount Fuji, Shinmoedake, Changbaishan, volumetric expansion, volcanic activities Citation:

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“…For example, there are controversial data on the response of volcanoes to mega-earthquakes along subduction zones. While some studies show an increase in the post-seismic eruptive frequency of magmatic arcs nearby mega-earthquakes, other studies reveal only a moderate post-seismic subsidence of the volcanic edifices (Walter and Amelung, 2007;Takada and Fukushima, 2013). In a similar fashion, the role of magmatic fragmentation on triggering explosive eruptions is also explained by contrasting models; conversely to conventional views, some studies suggest that explosive eruptions are not an inevitable consequence of fragmentation (Papale, 1999;Gonnermann and Manga, 2003).…”

Section: Challenge 6: Erupting Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 83%

Great challenges in volcanology: how does the volcano factory work?

Acocella

2014

Front. Earth Sci.

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Volcanic eruptions following M ≥ 9 megathrust earthquakes: Implications for the Sumatra-Andaman volcanoes

Cited by 180 publications

References 24 publications

Hydrologic Responses to Earthquakes and a General Metric

Hydrologic Responses to Earthquakes and a General Metric

Influence of the March 11, 2011 M w 9.0 Tohoku-oki earthquake on regional volcanic activities

Great challenges in volcanology: how does the volcano factory work?

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