Volcanism of the Palaeoproterozoic Bushveld Large Igneous Province: The Rooiberg Group, Kaapvaal Craton, South Africa

The Magmatic Architecture of Continental Flood Basalts I: Observations From the Deccan Traps

“…Thus, the presence of a large Bushveld sized intrusive body does not necessarily correspond to a large, well‐mixed crustal magma reservoir. In fact, based on field observations, RLS may have been emplaced after the surface eruptions of the basaltic‐rhyolitic Rooiberg Group (Lenhardt & Eriksson, 2012). Thus, the RLS was not an upper crustal magma body feeding the surface lavas, but was instead accreted as a set of sills under a lithostatic load (Scoates et al., 2021).…”

“…For example, layered mafic intrusions (e.g., the Bushveld complex) and giant radiating dike swarms (e.g., McKenzie dike swarm) are interpreted to represent the crustal magma system and the feeders for massive overlying volcanic provinces (Buchan & Ernst, 2019; Ernst et al., 2010, 2019). However, in most of these cases, there are either no remaining lava flows or geochronologic constraints on the eruptive fluxes or volumes of lava flows (e.g., Bushveld complex Lenhardt & Eriksson, 2012). Additionally, there is the additional complexity that we are observing the final integrated system after solidification, and it is difficult to infer the temporal history vis‐a‐vis surface eruptions.…”

Geochemical evolution of the Lebowa Granite Pluton in western Bushveld Igneous Complex, South Africa: More insight into the evolution of bimodal A‐type granitoid

“…The BIC is intrusive into the Late Archaean to Early Proterozoic, siliciclastic, and carbonate sequences of the Transvaal Supergroup (Eriksson et al, 2006), which is 2,670-2060 Ma in age (Lu-Hf zircon age, Zeh et al, 2016). This igneous complex consists in chronological order of a 6 km thick basalt to rhyolite lavas of the Rooiberg Group (Lenhardt & Eriksson, 2012; 2061 ± 2 Ma single-grain zircon Pb-evaporation age, Walraven, 1997), followed by intrusive ultramafic-mafic Rustenburg Layered Suite (RLS; 2055.91 ± 0.26 Ma, SHRIMP zircon age, Zeh et al, 2015), and finally granitoid rocks of the Rashoop Granophyres and Lebowa Granite Suite (LGS; 2055.32 ± 0.34 Ma, TIMS zircon age, Hoshino et al, 2014;cf. Cawthorn et al, 2006).…”

Different melt source regions for the volcanics of the Bushveld large igneous province: New observations from MELTS modeling of the Palaeoproterozoic Rooiberg Group (South Africa)

“…The intrusive J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f parts are predominantly composed of the mafic Rustenburg Layered Suite, the Rashoop Granophyre Suite and the Lebowa Granite Suite. In addition, more recently, the Molopo Farms Layered intrusion, Okwa basement complex intrusions, and smaller intrusions of the Bushveld high-Ti suite near the Vredefort impact complex, are usually included as parts of the larger BMP (Reichardt, 1994;Kinnaird, 2005;Mapeo et al, 2006;Lenhardt and Eriksson, 2012). The volcanism that preceded the intrusive activity is represented by the Rooiberg Group (Lenhardt and Eriksson, 2012).…”