2023
DOI: 10.1002/cne.25540
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Volitional inspiration is mediated by two independent output channels in the primary motor cortex

Leah B. Helou,
Richard P. Dum

Abstract: The diaphragm is a multifunctional muscle that mediates both autonomic and volitional inspiration. It is critically involved in vocalization, postural stability, and expulsive core–trunk functions, such as coughing, hiccups, and vomiting. In macaque monkeys, we used retrograde transneuronal transport of rabies virus injected into the left hemidiaphragm to identify cortical neurons that have multisynaptic connections with phrenic motoneurons. Our research demonstrates that representation of the diaphragm in the… Show more

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Cited by 3 publications
(1 citation statement)
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“…Let's remember that the neuroanatomical structure of the diaphragm allows the muscle itself to function as two muscles in one; each hemilate can work independently, and this complicates the differentiation between a healthy and dysfunctional diaphragm [ 42 ]. The primary motor cortex can send motor orders to the diaphragm towards the ipsilateral and contralateral sides; furthermore, the neurons of the phrenic nerve perform anastomoses for approximately 1-3% of the medulla before becoming roots, reinforcing the action of the electrical impulse [ 43 ].…”
Section: Reviewmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Let's remember that the neuroanatomical structure of the diaphragm allows the muscle itself to function as two muscles in one; each hemilate can work independently, and this complicates the differentiation between a healthy and dysfunctional diaphragm [ 42 ]. The primary motor cortex can send motor orders to the diaphragm towards the ipsilateral and contralateral sides; furthermore, the neurons of the phrenic nerve perform anastomoses for approximately 1-3% of the medulla before becoming roots, reinforcing the action of the electrical impulse [ 43 ].…”
Section: Reviewmentioning
confidence: 99%