Volitional saccades and attentional mechanisms in schizophrenia patients and healthy control subjects

Reuter, Benedikt; Möllers, David; Bender, Julia; Schwehn, Asysa; Ziemek, Juliane; Gallinat, Jürgen; Kathmann, Norbert

doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.2011.01213.x

Cited by 7 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 39 publications

(66 reference statements)

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“…However, onset/offset differences are again smaller than the effects observed with the MDOR task. For a prosaccade task, Pratt and Trottier ( 2005 ) reported this difference (the “cost” of the saccade target being an offset) to be of the order of 50–90 ms. Reuter et al ( 2011 ) reported differences of a similar magnitude. In a more recent study, Reuter et al ( 2016 ) reported data for synchronous and overlap prosaccade tasks in control participants for a clinical study, in which the offset/onset difference was smaller; differences of 37 and 17 ms were observed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Probing oculomotor inhibition with the minimally delayed oculomotor response task

2018

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The ability to not execute (i.e. to inhibit) actions is important for behavioural flexibility and frees us from being slaves to our immediate sensory environment. The antisaccade task is one of several used to investigate behavioural inhibitory control. However, antisaccades involve a number of important processes besides inhibition such as attention and working memory. In the minimally delayed oculomotor response (MDOR) task, participants are presented with a simple target step, but instructed to saccade not to the target when it appears (a prosaccade response), but when it disappears (i.e. on target offset). Varying the target display duration prevents offset timing being predictable from the time of target onset, and saccades prior to the offset are counted as errors. Antisaccade error rate and latency are modified by alterations in fixation conditions produced by inserting a gap between fixation target offset and stimulus onset (the gap paradigm; error rate increases, latency decreases) or by leaving the fixation target on when the target appears (overlap paradigm; error rate decreases, latency increases). We investigated the effect of gaps and overlaps on performance in the MDOR task. In Experiment 1 we confirmed that, compared to a control condition in which participants responded to target onsets, in the MDOR task saccade latency was considerably increased (increases of 122–272 ms depending on target display duration and experimental condition). However, there was no difference in error rate or saccade latency between gap and synchronous (fixation target offset followed immediately by saccade target onset) conditions. In Experiment 2, in a different group of participants, we compared overlap and synchronous conditions and again found no statistically significant differences in error rate and saccade latency. The timing distribution of errors suggested that most were responses to target onsets, which we take to be evidence of inhibition failure. We conclude that the MDOR task evokes behaviour that is consistent across different groups of participants. Because it is free of the non-inhibitory processes operative in the antisaccade task, it provides a useful means of investigating behavioural inhibition.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Probing oculomotor inhibition with the minimally delayed oculomotor response task

2018

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“…Additionally, the structures and connections underlying oculomotor neurophysiology have been well characterized (Gaymard et al, 1998;Leigh and Zee, 1999;Munoz and Everling, 2004;Munoz et al, 2000). Eye movement tasks have provided powerful insight into neurological dysfunction in clinical disorders such as Parkinson's disease (Terao et al, 2011), attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (Mahone et al, 2009) and schizophrenia (Reuter et al, 2011). For example, deficits in eye movement control are measurable in both children and adults with ADHD, and are consistent with frontostriatal pathophysiology (Munoz et al, 2003).…”

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confidence: 96%

Diffusion Tensor Imaging Correlates of Saccadic Reaction Time in Children with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder

Green

Lebel

Rasmussen

et al. 2013

Alcohol Clin Exp Res

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The negative correlation for prosaccade SRT and cerebellum demonstrated that individuals with slower reaction times had lower FA values relative to their faster responding counterparts, a finding that implicates cerebellar dysfunction as a significant contributor to deficits in oculomotor control. The higher FA in the corpus callosum and ILF corresponding to longer reaction times for both pro- and antisaccade was opposite to what was expected, but nonetheless implies that altered brain structure in these regions underlies deficits in oculomotor control.

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“…With respect to within‐subject variability of saccadic latencies, our study might contribute to the question of diagnostic specificity of oculomotor dysfunctions. In schizophrenia patients, a similar pattern of results emerges in terms of saccade latencies: Prosaccade latencies are considered unaffected (Gooding & Basso, ), whereas most (e.g., Bender et al, ; Reuter, Elsner, Möllers, & Kathmann, ; Reuter, Jäger, Bottlender, & Kathmann, ) but not all (Reuter et al, ) studies on simple volitional saccade latencies found increased latencies. Looking at within‐subject variability of saccade latencies, a different pattern appears.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Volitional saccade performance in a large sample of patients with obsessive‐compulsive disorder and unaffected first‐degree relatives

et al. 2017

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Recent evidence indicates that patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) as well as their unaffected first-degree relatives show deficits in the volitional control of saccades, suggesting that volitional saccade performance may constitute an endophenotype of OCD. Here, we aimed to replicate and extend these findings in a large, independent sample. One hundred and fifteen patients with OCD, 103 healthy comparison subjects without a family history of OCD, and 31 unaffected first-degree relatives of OCD patients were examined using structured clinical interviews and performed a volitional saccade task as well as a prosaccade task. In contrast to previous reports, neither patients nor relatives showed impairments in the performance of volitional saccades compared to healthy controls. Notably, medicated patients did not differ from nonmedicated patients, and there was no effect of depressive comorbidity. Additional analyses investigating correlations between saccade performance and OCD symptom dimensions yielded no significant associations. In conclusion, the present results do not support the notion that volitional saccade execution constitutes an endophenotype of OCD. Possible explanations for inconsistencies with previous studies are discussed.

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Volitional saccades and attentional mechanisms in schizophrenia patients and healthy control subjects

Cited by 7 publications

References 39 publications

Probing oculomotor inhibition with the minimally delayed oculomotor response task

Probing oculomotor inhibition with the minimally delayed oculomotor response task

Diffusion Tensor Imaging Correlates of Saccadic Reaction Time in Children with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder

Volitional saccade performance in a large sample of patients with obsessive‐compulsive disorder and unaffected first‐degree relatives

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