Voltage‐ and Power‐Conversion Performance of Bi‐functional ZrO₂ : Er³⁺/ Yb³⁺ Assisted and Co‐sensitized Dye Sensitized Solar Cells for Internet of Things Applications

Abstract

The giant power conversion efficiency is achieved by using bifunction ZrO2:Er3+ /Yb3+assisted co‐sensitised dye sensitized solar cells. The evolution of crystalline structure, its microstructure is examined through X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy studies. The bi‐functional behaviour of ZrO2:Er3+/Yb3+ as upconversion, light scattering is confirmed by emission and diffused reflectance studies. The bi‐function ZrO2:Er3+/Yb3+ (pH=3) assisted photoanode is co‐sensitized by use of N719 dye, squaraine SPSQ2 dye and is sandwiched with Platinum based counter electrode. The fabricated DSSC exhibited a giant power conversion efficiency of 12.35% with VOC of 0.71 V, JSC of 27.06 mA/cm2, FF of 0.63. The results, which motivated the development of a small DSSC module, gave 6.21% and is used to drive a tiny electronic motor in indoor and outdoor lighting conditions. Small‐area DSSCs connected in series have found that a VOC of 4.52 V is sufficient to power up Internet of Things (IoT) devices.

Dual‐Function NaYF4 : Yb3+/Er3+ Boosts Efficiency for Multi‐Dye Sensitized Solar Cells and Carbon‐Based CsPbI2Br Perovskite Solar Cells

“…The fabrication of DSSCs was made as similar to the procedure mentioned in earlier reports. [32][33][34] Initially, commercially available FTO coated conductive glass substrate (7 Ω/square, TCO22-7, Greatcell Solar) was cleaned thoroughly in mild solution of detergent, and ultrasonically cleaned in absolute ethanol, pure acetone and 2-propanol to remove any dust particulates. The compact TiO 2 blocking layer was deposited by treat the cleaned FTO glass substrates with the aqueous 40 mM solution of TiCl 4 at 70 °C for 30 min in a closed chamber, rinsed with DI water, and heated to 500 °C for 30 min.…”