Voltage Control in Active Distribution Networks Under Uncertainty in the System Model: A Robust Optimization Approach

Impacts of the model uncertainty on the voltage regulation problem of medium‐voltage distribution systems

“…It should be noted that when the model uncertainty is transferred inside the VCA based on the robust optimisation formulation (e.g. [11]), a long processing time will be added to the VCA execution time in order to characterise the uncertain models of the network components and to evaluate their effects. As a consequence, the VCA may not be any more compatible with the requirement of the real‐time voltage management.…”

“…Despite the differences of the existing VCAs, they have been developed relying on similar assumptions that the loads are voltage independent [1,[3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11], exact load power factors (PFs) are available [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11], system lines are equivalent to the series impedances [2,5,6,9,10] which have constant values over the time [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] and the substation transformer is a pure reactance [2,5,9] that can be even negligible [4,6]. In reality, however, these assumptions do not hold since the load powers are in function of the voltage, load PFs may be different from the ones considered in the load models, shunt admittances of the lines cannot be neglected, branch resistances vary with respect to the conductor temperatures and internal resistance of the substation transformer is needed to be taken into account.…”

“…Consequently, corrective decisions of the VCA obtained by relying on the simplified network model may be insufficient to solve a specific voltage violation problem of the real case. A VCA based on the robust optimisation has been developed in [11] to deal with the uncertain model of the line resistances due to the thermal dependency effect.…”

A Kriging Model Based Optimization of Active Distribution Networks Considering Loss Reduction and Voltage Profile Improvement

“…As can be observed, there is a diversity of controllable resources in both supply and demand side in ADN, such as regulators, battery storages, DGs, and thermostat controlled loads (TCLs), etc. The distribution network operator (DNO) [26], which is the control center of ADN, gathers the information from both supply and demand side as well as predicts the scheduling information containing customers' load profiles and DGs' outputs. In recent years, with the development of communication and measurement technologies such as advanced metering infrastructure (AMI), the DNO has had the access to acquiring all kinds of necessary information in terms of climate data, market data, and load data.…”

Robust voltage control algorithm incorporating model uncertainty impacts

“…In order to maintain the system voltages within the permitted limits, different voltage control algorithms (VCAs) have been proposed in the literature. Despite their differences, the VCAs have been developed relying on similar assumptions that the exact power factors of loads are known [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11], load powers are independent of the voltage [1,[3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11], lines can be modelled with the series impedances [2,5,6,9,10], which remain unchanged over the time [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10], and the substation transformer is equivalent to a pure reactance [2,5,9]. The models based on which the VCAs in [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]…”