2014
DOI: 10.1364/ol.39.002511
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Voltage-controlled liquid-crystal terahertz phase shifter with indium–tin–oxide nanowhiskers as transparent electrodes

Abstract: Indium-tin-oxide nanowhiskers were employed as transparent electrodes in a liquid-crystal terahertz phase shifter. Transmittance of the device was as high as ∼75%. Phase shift exceeding π/2 at 1.0 THz is achieved in a ∼500  μm-thick cell. The driving voltage required for the device operating as a quarter-wave plate was as low as 17.68 V (rms), an improvement of nearly an order of magnitude over previous work.

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Cited by 86 publications
(52 citation statements)
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“…Most recently, highly transparent ITO nanowhisker electrodes, the transmittance of which reached ,82% in the range of 0.2-1.2 THz, have been utilized in THz phase shifters. 16 Unfortunately, to achieve the required high phase retardation, in most previous efforts, large cell gaps (500 mm or more) have been introduced, causing the components to respond very slowly because the decay time of LCs is proportional to the square of the cell gap. 17 In addition, it is quite difficult to implement homogeneous pre-alignment in such thick cells, as the coherence length of LCs that can be induced using an alignment layer is only ,100 mm.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Most recently, highly transparent ITO nanowhisker electrodes, the transmittance of which reached ,82% in the range of 0.2-1.2 THz, have been utilized in THz phase shifters. 16 Unfortunately, to achieve the required high phase retardation, in most previous efforts, large cell gaps (500 mm or more) have been introduced, causing the components to respond very slowly because the decay time of LCs is proportional to the square of the cell gap. 17 In addition, it is quite difficult to implement homogeneous pre-alignment in such thick cells, as the coherence length of LCs that can be induced using an alignment layer is only ,100 mm.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Various techniques have been introduced in the THz range. For example, metallic gratings have been widely used for polarizers, liquid crystals are capable of quarter‐wave conversion, and metamaterials are flexible in pattern designs to realize different types of polarization output . Compared to the optical region, most of these devices are still away from perfection and they have limitations in different aspects.…”
Section: Utilization Of Tir Geometry In Thz Devicesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The birefringence provides a different phase delay but similar transmission to the two orthogonal E‐field components. The biggest issue when applying liquid crystals in the THz range is the orders of magnitude lower switching speed from milliseconds to minutes due to the wavelength‐comparable cell thickness 37c,39. Metamaterials are also popular candidates, but they usually operate in a narrow band 38c,40…”
Section: Utilization Of Tir Geometry In Thz Devicesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Beyond information displays, LC has also been employed in broad photonic applications, e.g., optical phased arrays, telecom components, and optical mode converters . Along with the emergence of large‐birefringence LCs and high‐transparency electrodes in THz regime, tunable filters, phase shifters, and waveplates were developed subsequently. Via further introducing the photopatterning technique, multifunctional geometric phase elements, such as vortex beam generators and spin‐selected lenses, were accomplished .…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%