Voltage Stability and Reactive Power Sharing in Inverter-Based Microgrids With Consensus-Based Distributed Voltage Control

Schiffer, Johannes; Seel, Thomas; Raisch, Jörg; Sezi, Tevfik

doi:10.1109/tcst.2015.2420622

Cited by 400 publications

(258 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…(ii)⇒(i): Due to (18) and Proposition A.2 (iii), we have that E L ∈ R n >0 implies that E I ∈ R m >0 and hence E ∈ R n >0 . An easy computation shows that (17) and (18) together imply that (E L , E I ) satisfy the fixed-point equations (20), and thus…”

Section: Proof Of Theorem 31: (I)⇒(ii)mentioning

confidence: 87%

“…This has led some authors to investigate alternative strategies to implement reactive power sharing [7], [11], [17], [18] that are based on directly load measurements or inter-unit communication. Aside from these additional requirements, these approaches do not assist in characterizing the power sharing properties of the standard, decentralized droop control.…”

Section: A Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Voltages at inverters may then be recovered uniquely from (18). In fact, since W 2 is row-stochastic (Proposition A.2), the inverter voltages (18) are simply weighted averages of load voltages E L and inverter set point voltages E * I . The reduced power flow equation (17) is straightforward to interpret in terms of the circuit-reduction of Figure 3.…”

Section: Theorem 31: (Reduced Power Flow Equation Formentioning

confidence: 99%

“…and solve for E I to obtain the inverter voltages (18). Substituting (18) into the first block of equations in (20), we calculate…”

Section: Proof Of Theorem 31: (I)⇒(ii)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We now show indirectly that −M red is positive definite, by combining two standard results on Schur complements. Through some straightforward computations, one may use (13), (16), (18) and (21) to simplify M to…”

Section: Proof Of Theorem 31: (I)⇒(ii)mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Voltage Stabilization in Microgrids via Quadratic Droop Control

Simpson-Porco

Dörfler

Bullo

2017

IEEE Trans. Automat. Contr.

156

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Abstract-We consider the problem of voltage stability and reactive power balancing in islanded small-scale electrical networks outfitted with DC/AC inverters ("microgrids"). A drooplike voltage feedback controller is proposed which is quadratic in the local voltage magnitude, allowing for the application of circuit-theoretic analysis techniques to the closed-loop system. The operating points of the closed-loop microgrid are in exact correspondence with the solutions of a reduced power flow equation, and we provide explicit solutions and small-signal stability analyses under several static and dynamic load models. Controller optimality is characterized as follows: we show a oneto-one correspondence between the high-voltage equilibrium of the microgrid under quadratic droop control, and the solution of an optimization problem which minimizes a trade-off between reactive power dissipation and voltage deviations. Power sharing performance of the controller is characterized as a function of the controller gains, network topology, and parameters. Perhaps surprisingly, proportional sharing of the total load between inverters is achieved in the low-gain limit, independent of the circuit topology or reactances. All results hold for arbitrary grid topologies, with arbitrary numbers of inverters and loads. Numerical results confirm the robustness of the controller to unmodeled dynamics.Index Terms-Inverter control, microgrids, voltage control, Kron reduction, nonlinear circuits I . I N T R O D U C T I O NThe wide-spread integration of low-voltage small-scale renewable energy sources requires that the present centralized electric power transmission paradigm to evolve towards a more distributed future. As a flexible bridge between distributed generators and larger distribution grids, microgrids continue to attract attention [1]- [3]. Microgrids are low-voltage electrical distribution networks, heterogeneously composed of distributed generation, storage, load, and managed autonomously from the larger primary grid. While often connected to the larger grid through a "point of common coupling", microgrids are also able to "island" themselves and operate independently [2], [4]. This independent self-sufficiency is crucial for reliable power delivery in remote communities, in military outposts, in developing nations lacking large-scale infrastructure, and in backup systems for critical loads such as hospitals and campuses. Energy generation within a microgrid can be quite heterogeneous, including photovoltaic, wind, micro-turbines, etc. Many of these sources generate either variable frequency AC power or DC power, and are interfaced with a synchronous AC grid via power electronic DC/AC inverters. In islanded operation, at least some of these inverters must operate as gridforming devices. That is, control actions must be taken through them to ensure synchronization, voltage stability, and load sharing in the network A. Literature ReviewThe so-called droop controllers (and their many derivatives) have been used with some success t...

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Section: Proof Of Theorem 31: (I)⇒(ii)mentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: A Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Theorem 31: (Reduced Power Flow Equation Formentioning

confidence: 99%

“…and solve for E I to obtain the inverter voltages (18). Substituting (18) into the first block of equations in (20), we calculate…”

Section: Proof Of Theorem 31: (I)⇒(ii)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Proof Of Theorem 31: (I)⇒(ii)mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Voltage Stabilization in Microgrids via Quadratic Droop Control

Simpson-Porco

Dörfler

Bullo

2017

IEEE Trans. Automat. Contr.

156

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Finite‐time consensus for frequency and voltage restoration in microgird under communication interruptions

Dou

et al. 2021

Int Trans Electr Energ Syst

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Summary This paper presents a distributed secondary control strategy based on finite‐time consensus protocol for islanded microgrids to ensure the stability of frequency and voltage. Simple droop control cannot achieve high‐precision adjustment due to its inherent shortcomings. Although traditional secondary control can solve this problem, the required conditions are harsh and the system has poor robustness. Based on finite‐time consensus protocol, the proposed distributed secondary control is completely distributed, and agents of network layer only communicate through peer‐to‐peer sparse networks without a central node, so the frequency and voltage remain stable and reach the nominal value within the set time that then improves the system reliability and robustness. Moreover, the improved extreme learning machine, where the empirical risk and structural risk are involved, is used to predict the missing part to deal with the problem of packet loss and communication interruptions. The effectiveness of the intended methods is verified by the simulation of an islanded microgrid.

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DC Microgrid: A Review on Issues and Control

Anitha¹,

Premkumar²

2022

Smart Grids and Green Energy Systems

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Voltage Stability and Reactive Power Sharing in Inverter-Based Microgrids With Consensus-Based Distributed Voltage Control

Cited by 400 publications

References 45 publications

Voltage Stabilization in Microgrids via Quadratic Droop Control

Voltage Stabilization in Microgrids via Quadratic Droop Control

Finite‐time consensus for frequency and voltage restoration in microgird under communication interruptions

DC Microgrid: A Review on Issues and Control

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