Voltammetric determination of insecticide thiodicarb through its electrochemical reduction using novel solid amalgam electrode fabricated with silver nanoparticles

Recent advances in silver nanoparticle-based electrochemical sensors for determining organic pollutants in water: a review

“…Additionally, FeS2/AgNPs/screen-printed carbon electrode, para-sulfonatocalix [6]arene-AgNPs/GC, β-1,4 poly D-glucosamine-AgNPs/graphite electrode, AgNPs/Au electrode, biomass carbon/Cr2O3/Ag/MIP/GC, and stearic acid/AgNPs/GC respectively were previously reported for the detection of acifluorfen, methyl parathion, 4-nitrophenol, 4nitrotoluene, nitrofurazone, and paraoxon, respectively, on the basis of the irreversible reduction of -NO2 to hydroxylamine groups 125,128,[164][165][166][167] . Additionally, thiodicarb was detected at an AgNPs/silver solid amalgam electrode depending on the electrochemical reduction of two symmetric carbonyl groups in the molecule involving four protons and four electrons 168 . Also, trichloroacetic acid could be detected at maleic acid-AgNPs/GC through its irreversible reduction to dichloroacetic acid 169 .…”

Recent Advances in (Bio)Chemical Sensors for Food Safety and Quality Based on Silver Nanomaterials

“…For the functional design of both electrochemical and optical sensors presented in this review, a powdered nanosilver product is often used. In these cases, the dried particles were either purchased ( 39 , 40 ), or isolated from the reaction suspension applying centrifugation ( 41 , 42 ), magnet separation ( 43 ), electrodeposition ( 34 , 44 ) or solution drying techniques ( 45 , 46 ). Furthermore, crystalline nanosilver product can also be obtained by implementing precipitation agents ( 35 , 47 ).…”

“…A current trend in the sensor field is directed towards solving analytical problems with the development of cost-effective, miniaturised and portable devices that could be operated in the field ( 54 ). A survey of the silver nanomaterial-based electrochemical sensors for food applications published in the last five years is listed in Table 1 ( 32 , 34 , 35 , 39 , 40 , 44 , 45 , 47 , 55 - 85 ). Selected examples of electrochemical sensors, both voltammetric and impedimetric, are shown in Fig.…”

“…Well-defined amperometric responses for MP determination in cabbage, green beans, strawberry and nectarine were observed, with working range covering nano- and micromolar regions for each real sample. A novel voltammetric sensor, AgNP-supported solid amalgam electrode (SAE) for thiodicarb insecticide detection, was presented for the first time by Lucca et al ( 40 ). Despite the inclusion of mercury, due to miniscule amounts involved, amalgam electrodes ( 91 ) adhere to the green chemistry approach.…”

“…Despite the inclusion of mercury, due to miniscule amounts involved, amalgam electrodes ( 91 ) adhere to the green chemistry approach. A CV study, recorded with AgNPs–SAE in Britton-Robinson buffer solution (pH=6.0), along with SWAdS voltammograms, revealed irreversible thiodicarb behaviour with a pronounced cathodic current peak at a potential of –0.64 V ( 40 ). Furthermore, linear dependence on the thiodicarb concentration from 1.05·10 –7 to 1.52·10 –6 mol/L, with 7.2·10 –9 limit of detection, surpassed the lowest achieved values among all reported methods.…”