Voltammetric Determination of LSD with a Schiff Base – Chemically Modified Electrode in Aqueous Solution

Abstract

In recent years, practical, inexpensive, and highly specific electroanalytical methods based on modified electrodes have been increasingly developed for forensic science. Simple modification of the carbon paste electrode with Schiff base complexes has become a promising strategy to detect and quantify narcotics. In this context, we aimed to develop voltammetric methods to quantify lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) by using a carbon paste electrode modified with the complex [UO2(Ac-ophen)]·H2O. The use of an aqueous solution of KCl as supporting electrolyte makes the methodology less polluting, which contrasts with methods that still employ toxic solvents. The developed method for Differential Pulse Voltammetry provides a linear response at various concentrations of LSD and affords analytical curves with standard deviation, detection, and quantification limits around 2.45, 0.625, and 2.08 μmol L-1, respectively. The recovery values of 103 and 108% prove that the developed method is suitable for application in forensic science.

Uranyl N2O2-Schiff base complex as co-catalyst in ethanol electro-oxidation: synthesis, crystallographic, spectroscopic, electrochemical, and DFT characterization, and catalytic investigation

“…[46][47][48] Recently, these complexes have also been employed as carbon paste electrodes to detect LSD. 49 As part of our ongoing research on Schiff bases and transition metal compounds, 3,[46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55]…”

“…46–48 Recently, these complexes have also been employed as carbon paste electrodes to detect LSD. 49…”

“…As part of our ongoing research on Schiff bases and transition metal compounds, 3,46–55 this article presents the synthesis, characterization, and theoretical and electrocatalytic studies of the compound [UO 2 (3-OMe- c -salcn)H 2 O], which contains the cis -geometric isomer of the ligand from the previously reported [UO 2 (3-OMe- t -salcn)H 2 O]compound.should appear here with headings as appropriate.…”

Comprehensive detection of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) in forensic samples using carbon nanotube screen-printed electrodes

“…19,24–28 With all electrodes printed on the same substrate, SPEs can analyze minimal sample volumes (50 to 100 μL) and have been successfully utilized to determine different application, 26,29,30 including illicit drugs. 31–35 To the best of our knowledge, among the electroanalytical methods reported for LSD detection, 25,36–38 only one study employing SPE with a graphite working electrode has been found. 25…”

“…19,[24][25][26][27][28] With all electrodes printed on the same substrate, SPEs can analyze minimal sample volumes (50 to 100 mL) and have been successfully utilized to determine different application, 26,29,30 including illicit drugs. [31][32][33][34][35] To the best of our knowledge, among the electroanalytical methods reported for LSD detection, 25,[36][37][38] only one study employing SPE with a graphite working electrode has been found. 25 Different carbonaceous nanomaterials, such as graphite (SPE-Gr), graphene (SPE-GP), single-wall carbon-nanotubes (SPE-SWCNT), and multi-wall carbon-nanotubes (SPE-MWCNT), can be used as working electrodes on SPE and are widely used in electroanalytical applications.…”