Voltammetric determination of nitrate with a modified carbon paste electrode

Neuhold, Christian; Kalcher, Kurt; Diewald, Wolfgang; Cai, Xiaohua; Raber, Georg

doi:10.1002/elan.1140060309

Cited by 18 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The cyclic voltammograms obtained in acidic blank solutions (pH ¼ 1.33) containing the cations to be tested are presented in Figures 6 and 7. Both these CVs are similar and approach the literature data [30][31][32][33]. A two-electron cathodic reduction and anodic response according to the scheme: Me 2+ + 2e Û Me 0 may explain the peaks on the CV curves.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 66%

Electrochemical studies of the interaction between a modified activated carbon surface and heavy metal ions

et al. 2005

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Cyclic voltammetric studies of the influence of surface chemistry on the electrochemical behaviour of powdered activated carbon electrodes (PACE) in the presence of selected heavy metal ions (Pb 2+ , Hg 2+ , Cd 2+ ) in bulk solution and pre-adsorbed on carbon were carried out. The variety of surfaces was achieved via the modification of carbon samples by heat treatment under vacuum and in an oxygen/ammonia atmosphere, as well as oxidation with conc. nitric acid. The chemical structures of the modified carbon surfaces were characterised by XPS and standard pH-titration. The adsorption capacities of the modified carbon samples towards the heavy metal ions in question were estimated. The mechanisms of adsorption processes of metal species on carbon surfaces were analysed and described on the basis of their electrochemical behaviour. The nature of the interactions between the modified carbon surfaces and adsorbed cations is discussed.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 66%

Electrochemical studies of the interaction between a modified activated carbon surface and heavy metal ions

et al. 2005

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“…In addition, it can be expected that this preconcentration is accompanied by d) extraction of the ion-pairs formed, which may contribute to a further improvement in the resultant selectivity [106,171]. Similar procedures are being utilized in stripping analysis, where the beneficial effect of the preconcentration step at a CMCPE can be combined yet with highly sensitive detection in the presence of electrocatalysts [102]. Finally, even a CPbiosensor with two enzymes [180], can be quoted here as another example of multiple modification, attaining the desired sensitivity under actual conditions.…”

Section: Possible Ways Of Modifying Carbon Pastesmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…iii) Dissolution in pasting liquid is feasible with some ionexchangers (such as Aliquat 336 [143], Amberlite LA-2 [101,102,173], Dowex 50W [103]), or other lipophilic compounds (e.g., trioctyl phosphine-oxide, TOPO [174] or fatty acids [175]). …”

Section: Possible Ways Of Modifying Carbon Pastesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Below, some typical groups of reagents and substances aspiring for such a position are given: i) complexants (often classical analytical reagents) such as Alizarine violet (e.g., [81,82], dimethyl glyoxime (DMG [83 -85]), dithizon [86,87], diphenyl carbazide (DPC [88,89]), oxin [90 -92], PAN [93,94], Pyrogallol red [95] or Rhodamine B [96]; ii) reagents with catalytic effect (e.g., Prussian blue [97 -99] or Schiff bases [100]); iii) ion-pairing/ion-exchanging agents (commercial resins and chromatographic ionexes, such as Amberlite LA-2 [101], Dowex 50W [102], tricresyl phosphate [44,103]); iv) surfactants as lipophilicity-enhancers and ionpairing agents (namely: Triton X-100 [104] as non-ionic; R-SO 3 À [105] with active anion, or CTAB [106] with active cation) v) humic acids and humates (see, e.g., [107] and refs therein); vi) clays and molecular sieve-structured minerals (i.e., zeolites of natural or synthetic origin; refs in [108]); vii) silica (refs in [109]) and organic-inorganic hybrid materials, including the family of mesostructured solids (refs in [110]). …”

Section: The Most Frequent Chemical Modifiersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Carbon Paste Electrodes in Facts, Numbers, and Notes: A Review on the Occasion of the 50‐Years Jubilee of Carbon Paste in Electrochemistry and Electroanalysis

et al. 2008

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This article reviews the electrochemistry and electroanalytical applications of carbon paste-based electrodes, sensors, and detectors on the occasion of the half-of-century anniversary since the discovery of carbon paste. The review (with 333 references) has been prepared in the form of a retrospective compilation presenting the field by means of various facts, notes, data, surveys, and summaries, including numerous rarities or curiosities that illustrate the individual achievements and milestones. Carbon paste-based electrodes are discussed in their entirety by covering all important areas of the field, starting from basic characterization of carbon paste as the electrode material, via its typical physicochemical and electrochemical properties or specific features, up to a representative documentation of their applicability in electrochemical and electroanalytical measurements.

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“…The anion exchange resins were essentially nitrogen-bearing polymers, i.e., quaternized poly(4-vinylpyridine) 846,847 and Amberlite LA2. [848][849][850] Some examples are illustrated in Fig. 16.18.…”

Section: Organic Polymersmentioning

confidence: 99%