Voltammetric Determination of Oxybutynin Hydrochloride Utilizing Pencil Graphite Electrode Decorated with Gold Nanoparticles

Abstract

A novel voltammetric method was successfully applied for the determination of an anticholinergic drug, oxybutynin hydrochloride (OXB). The method is concerned with electrooxidation of the drug on the surface of pencil graphite electrode (PGE). In order to enhance the electrode sensitivity and peak current, the electrode was coated with gold nanoparticles (Au-NPs) via electrochemical deposition using cyclic voltammetry from gold salt solution. The surface of Au-NPs modified PGE has been characterized using scanning electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Various experi-mental variables were studied and optimized to enhance the sensor's response towards OXB. Quantitative determination of the drug was achieved in phosphate buffer pH 7.5 using differential pulse voltammetry by scanning the potential over range of 0.00 to 2.20 V with scan rate of 40 mV s À 1 . Validation of the method was achieved according to ICH guidelines. The method was found to be linear over concentration range (2.0 × 10 À 7 -1.0 × 10 À 6 M). The suggested sensor was efficiently developed for the quantitative determination of OXB in pure form, pharmaceutical dosage form and spiked plasma samples.

Greenness and whiteness assessment of a sustainable voltammetric method for difluprednate estimation in the presence of its alkaline degradation product

“…In addition, several scan rates were examined at 10, 25, 50, 75, 100 and 120 mV s 1 to measure 4.0 × 10 –7 of DIF in the presence of its alkaline degradation product. As previously described in the literature 18 , the GCE was modified by gold nanoparticles (GNP) in a 0.1 M KCl supporting solution containing 0.5 mM HAuCl 4 using cyclic voltammetry (2.0 to - 2.0 V scanning potential range, 100 mV s −1 scan rate, and 8.0 mV step potential for 20 consecutive cycles).…”

“…Various types of electrodes, which rely on the electrochemical sensitivity of the analytes towards the electrode, can be employed in these voltammetric methodologies. These include GCE, carbon paste, pencil graphite electrodes and microfabricated electrodes 18 . Among the applicable nanomaterials for GCE modification, GNP have gained a lot of attention.…”

“…Among the applicable nanomaterials for GCE modification, GNP have gained a lot of attention. This is remarkably related to their chemical, optical, electrical, and catalytic capabilities 18 . The GNP modification of GCE can be readily accomplished in-situ, from chloroauric acid solution, using electrochemical techniques, such as cyclic voltammetric and chronoamperometric methods 19 .…”

Novel solid-contact ion-selective electrode based on a polyaniline transducer layer for determination of alcaftadine in biological fluid

“…SC-ISEs and wearable technologies mixtures have turn out to be a new promising aspect in research area that allows enormous opportunity for commercialization. [34][35][36][37] Moreover, different approaches have been introduced to enhance SC-ISEs in terms of selectivity, biocompatibility, detection limit, sensitivity, anti-biofouling. [38][39][40][41][42] Yet, these SC-ISEs encountered several obstacles such as increase potential dri and difficulty of junctioning between electron-conducting solid contact and ion conducting sensing membrane resulted in standard potential (E 0 ) with time irreproducibility.…”