Voltammetric monitoring of a solid-liquid phase transition in N,N,N′,N′-tetraoctyl-2,6-diamino-9,10-anthraquinone (TODAQ)

Abstract

Exploratory experiments on effects from a phase transition are reported for a low-melting microcrystalline anthraquinone (N,N,N′,N′-tetraoctyl-2,6-diamino-9,10-anthraquinone or TODAQ). Data for the solid-liquid phase transition are obtained by differential scanning calorimetry and then compared to data obtained by voltammetry. In preliminary electrochemical measurements, microcrystal deposits on a basal plane pyrolytic graphite electrode are shown to undergo a solid-state 2-electron 2-proton reduction in contact to aqueous 0.1 M HClO 4 with a midpoint potential E mid,solid = − 0.24 V vs. SCE. The reduction mechanism is proposed to be limited mainly by the triple phase boundary line and some transport of TODAQ molecules towards the electrode surface for both solid and melt. A change in the apparent activation energy for this reduction is observed at 69°C, leading to an enhanced increase in reduction current with midpoint potential E mid,liquid = − 0.36 V vs. SCE. A change of TODAQ transport along the crystal surface for solid microcrystalline material (for the solid) to diffusion within molten microdroplets (for the liquid) is proposed. Upon cooling, a transition at 60°C back to a higher apparent activation energy is seen consistent with re-solidification of the molten phase at the electrode surface. Differential scanning calorimetry data for solid TODAQ dry and for TODAQ in contact to aqueous 0.1 M HClO 4 confirm these transitions.