Volume expansion, pressure effects, and the strength differential in as-quenched iron-carbon martensite

Elastic–plastic characterization of a high strength bainitic roller bearing steel—experiments and modelling

“…The SDE was also larger in the martensitic steel; which is confirmed in Rauch and Leslie [5]. Rauch et al [16] find that retained austenite, which here was 10 À 15%, can give a substantial SDE.…”

“…For instance, if the deviatoric rates were determined from Eq. (18), then the dilatation and total plastic strain rates could be calculated through Eqs (20) and (16).…”

“…The remainder is ascribed to the generation of microcracks. Rauch et al [16] measured volume expansion for a high strength martensitic steel containing retained austenite. Much of the initial volume increase was attributed to the transformation of the retained austenite during early plastic deformation.…”

The strength differential effect in different heat treatment conditions of the steels 42CrMoS4 and 100Cr6

“…Until now, a large number of metals like different steels [2][3][4]13], Mg-alloys [5] and Ti-alloys [6] were examined regarding this asymmetry in mechanical properties.…”