Volumes And weights of pyroclastic material, lava, and water erupted by Paricutin volcano, Michoacan, Mexico

Fríes, Carl

doi:10.1029/tr034i004p00603

Cited by 77 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…In the case of the highly explosive Parícutin eruption in Mexico (type example of violent strombolian activity from a cinder cone; Walker 1973), Fries (1953) determined that the volume of tephra that fell beyond Parícutin extended to 8 times the volume of the cone. In contrast, mapped Table 4.…”

Section: Eruption Volumes For Colima Cones and Associated Lavasmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Pleistocene cinder cones surrounding Volcán Colima, Mexico re-visited: eruption ages and volumes, oxidation states, and sulfur content

et al. 2006

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Located at the volcanic front in the western Mexican arc, in the Colima Rift, is the active Volcán Colima, which lies on the southern end of the massive (∼450 km 3 ) Colima-Nevado volcanic complex. Along the margins of this andesitic volcanic complex, is a group of 11 scoria cones and associated lavas, which have been dated by the 40 Ar/ 39 Ar method. Nine scoria cones erupted ∼1.3 km 3 of alkaline magma (basanite, leucite-basanite, minette) between 450 and 60 ka, with >99% between 240 and 60 ka. Two additional cones (both the oldest and calc-alkaline) erupted <0.003 km 3 of basalt (0.5 Ma) and <0.003 km 3 of basaltic andesite (1.2 Ma), respectively. Cone and lava volumes were estimated with the aid of digital elevation models (DEMs). The eruption rate for these scoria cones and their associated lavas over the last 1.2 Myr is ∼1.2 km 3 /Myr, which is more than 400 times smaller than that from the andesitic Colima-Nevado edifice. In addition to these alkaline Colima cones, two other potassic basalts erupted at the volcanic front, but ∼200 km to the ESE (near the historically active Volcán Jorullo), and were dated at 1.06 and 0.10 Ma. These potassic suites reflect the tendency in the west-central Mexican arc for magmas close to the volcanic front to be enriched in K 2 O relative to those farther from the trench.Ferric-ferrous analyses on pristine samples from the alkaline cones adjacent to V. Colima and V. Jorullo indicate that their oxygen fugacities relative to the nickel-nickel oxide buffer are significantly higher ( NN0=2-4) than those for the calc-alkaline magma types (0-1.5). These NNO values correlate positively with Ba concentrations and likely reflect the influence of a slab-derived fluid. As a result of the high oxidation states, the solubility of sulfur in these potassic magmas is enhanced. Indeed the sulfur content of both the whole rock and the apatite phenocrysts (and in olivine melt inclusions reported in the literature) suggest that part of their pre-eruptive sulfur gas (SO 2 ) concentrations could have been discharged to the atmosphere in amounts comparable to the 1982 eruption of El Chichón, although over a prolonged period spanning thousands of years (not per eruption).

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Section: Eruption Volumes For Colima Cones and Associated Lavasmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Pleistocene cinder cones surrounding Volcán Colima, Mexico re-visited: eruption ages and volumes, oxidation states, and sulfur content

et al. 2006

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“…A factor not accounted for in this study is the volume of tephra that was produced by these cinder cones. The amount of tephra can vary from eight times the volume of the cone, as demonstrated in the case of Volcán Parícutin (Fries, 1953), to a small fraction of the volume of the cone, as seen in the case of Newberry Volcano, Oregon (MacLeod et al, 1995). If the Parícutin case is taken as an upper bound, then an additional ~50 km 3 of tephra may have been erupted in the Tancítaro-Nueva Italia region.…”

Section: Peripheral Eruptive Unitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Origin of andesite in the deep crust and eruption rates in the Tancitaro-Nueva Italia region of the central Mexican arc

Ownby

Lange

Hall

et al. 2010

Geological Society of America Bulletin

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The Tancítaro-Nueva Italia region (~4400 km 2 ) is located within the west-central Mexican volcanic belt and spans ~80 km of arc length along the volcanic front. On the basis of 65 40 Ar/ 39 Ar ages, it is shown that a total volume of ~326 ± 57 km 3 of magma has erupted from >200 vents since 1.2 Ma. Nearly a third of this volume (103 ± 5 km 3 ) was erupted as crystal-rich andesite from a large stratovolcano, Volcán Tancítaro, whereas the remaining two-thirds (~223 ± 52 km 3 ) span the complete range from 51 to 63 wt% SiO 2 , are relatively crystal-poor, and were erupted from peripheral vents. The total proportions of erupted lava types are ~6%-7% basalt, ~18% basaltic andesite, and ~74%-76% andesite; there is no rhyolite and only a trace of dacite.There is no evidence that any signifi cant magma differentiation occurred in the upper crust along this arc segment. Based on phenocryst abundances and modes, majorand trace-element data, as well as phaseequilibrium experiments from the literature, the following mechanisms for formation of andesite in this region can be ruled out:(1) crystal fractionation of basalt/basaltic andesite in the upper crust, (2) magma mixing of basalt/basaltic andesite with dacite/ rhyolite, and (3) assimilation of granitoid by basalt/ basaltic andesite. Instead, the same body of evidence indicates that the andesites were formed primarily in the deep crust through partial melting (>20%) of hornblende-rich (~40%) gabbronorite. The basaltic andesites are required, owing to their elevated Ni concentrations, to be hybrids of the andesitic partial melts with basaltic residual liquids that have undergone variable two-pyroxene fractionation in the deep crust.

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“…Bowen (1947) sees no reason to believe that magmas normally contain much water. The very few available evaluations (Verhoogen, 1939;Fries, 1953) of the gas/lava ratio emitted in recent eruptions are of the order of 1 % or less; much of this water is possibly meteoric in origin. Certainly, if granite magmas generally contained & or 10% water, their contribution to metamorphism would be enormous: the water expelled from 1 m 3 of granite would be sufficient to transform 10.…”

Section: Juvenile Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

Metamorphic Reactions and Metamorphic Facies

Fyfe¹,

Turner²,

Verhoogen³

1958

Geological Society of America Memoirs

232

111

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This book presents a detailed discussion of a few selected topics in metamorphism. Chapter I (Turner) is a historical account of the development of the facies concept. A new definition of metamorphic facies is formulated.Chapters II to IV (Fyfe and Verhoogen), each of which ends with a summary in nontechnical language, deal respectively with certain thermodynamic and kinetic aspects of metamorphic-reactions. In Chapter II, the authors consider successively the magnitude of the free energy of metamorphic reactions, methods for computing approximate values of the entropies of silicates, a definition of the pressure variables in metamorphism, the role of surface films, and structural aspects of metamorphic mineralogy. The conclusion of Chapter III, which is devoted to a study of kinetics, is that reaction rates in systems containing water are generally such as not to lead to difficulties or inconsistencies in the interpretation of metamorphic facies. The role of water in metamorphic reactions is stressed again. This leads to a closer study of systems containing water, which are discussed in Chapter IV. Some properties of water are evaluated, such as its dielectric constant and ionic product, at high pressures and temperatures. A model is set up by which thermodynamic functions for hydration-dehydration reactions can be evaluated. There follows a discussion of solubility in aqueous systems and of variations of pH under natural conditions. _ In Chapter V, Fyfe and Turner correlate field and experimental data on the stability of critical mineral assemblages in metamorphic rocks. They conclude that there are at present no major inconsistencies between field and experimental data. Metamorphic facies, defined by mineralogical and field criteria, can still be interpreted in terms of a few intensive physical variables.The role of water and heat in metamorphism is considered in Chapter VI (Fyfe and Verhoogen). Regional metamorphism is not a normal phenomenon, in the sense that it would occur wherever rocks are buried to sufficient depth. On the contrary, it appears that regional metamorphism can occur only where the heat flow is notably increased and where water, probably of juvenile origin, is abundant.Chapter VII (Turner) is a revision of individual metamorphic facies. In the light of new experimental and mineralogical data the limits of some facies and subfacies are redefined, and a few new divisions are proposed.

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Volumes And weights of pyroclastic material, lava, and water erupted by Paricutin volcano, Michoacan, Mexico

Cited by 77 publications

References 15 publications

The Pleistocene cinder cones surrounding Volcán Colima, Mexico re-visited: eruption ages and volumes, oxidation states, and sulfur content

The Pleistocene cinder cones surrounding Volcán Colima, Mexico re-visited: eruption ages and volumes, oxidation states, and sulfur content

Origin of andesite in the deep crust and eruption rates in the Tancitaro-Nueva Italia region of the central Mexican arc

Metamorphic Reactions and Metamorphic Facies

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