Volumes of Brain Structures in Twins Discordant for Schizophrenia

Baaré, William F.C.; Oel, Clarine van; Pol, Hilleke E. Hulshoff; Schnack, Hugo G.; Durston, Sarah; Sitskoorn, Margriet M.; Kahn, René S.

doi:10.1001/archpsyc.58.1.33

Cited by 197 publications

(137 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…People at high risk of psychosis show qualitatively similar volumetric abnormalities to patients with schizophrenia. Cortical brain abnormalities have been found in genetically defined high-risk populations such as first-degree relatives and co-twins of patients with schizophrenia, as well in people with ARMS [13,[68][69][70][71][72][73][74][75][76][77][78][79][80]. Previous longitudinal MRI studies in this group found that the subset of patients who developed psychosis showed a longitudinal reduction in GM in the orbito-frontal, temporal lobe, parietal lobe and cerebellum [79,81,82].…”

Section: Effects Of Antipsychotic Medication On Structural Neuroimagimentioning

confidence: 83%

The Effects of Antipsychotics on the Brain: What Have We Learnt from Structural Imaging of Schizophrenia? – A Systematic Review

Smieskova

Fusar‐Poli²,

Allen³

et al. 2009

CPD

186

131

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Abstract:Despite a large number of neuroimaging studies in schizophrenia reporting subtle brain abnormalities, we do not know to what extent such abnormalities reflect the effects of antipsychotic treatment on brain structure. We therefore systematically reviewed cross-sectional and follow-up structural brain imaging studies of patients with schizophrenia treated with antipsychotics. 30 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies were identified, 24 of them being longitudinal and six cross-sectional structural imaging studies. In patients with schizophrenia treated with antipsychotics, reduced gray matter volume was described, particularly in the frontal and temporal lobes. Structural neuroimaging studies indicate that treatment with typical as well as atypical antipsychotics may affect regional gray matter (GM) volume. In particular, typical antipsychotics led to increased gray matter volume of the basal ganglia, while atypical antipsychotics reversed this effect after switching. Atypical antipsychotics, however, seem to have no effect on basal ganglia structure.

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Section: Effects Of Antipsychotic Medication On Structural Neuroimagimentioning

confidence: 83%

The Effects of Antipsychotics on the Brain: What Have We Learnt from Structural Imaging of Schizophrenia? – A Systematic Review

Smieskova

Fusar‐Poli²,

Allen³

et al. 2009

CPD

186

131

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“…13 In terms of brain structure, brain volume is highly heritable, 14 and neocortical gray matter volumes are heritable and correlate with multiple cognitive domains; 15 hippocampal, neocortical and cortical volume deficits have also been observed to be related to genetic risk for schizophrenia in family-based studies. 5,[16][17][18] Thus, for many biological changes related to brain function and structure that are associated with schizophrenia and with increased genetic risk for schizophrenia, the evidence for their heritability is strong. In a family study of the association of a promising schizophrenia susceptibility gene, DISC1, with P300 waveforms, almost every subject with a structural abnormality in the DISC1 gene had an abnormal P300 response, even if they had no psychiatric diagnosis.…”

Section: Are So-called Intermediate Phenotypes Heritable?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Intermediate phenotypes in schizophrenia genetics redux: is it a no brainer?

Callicott

2008

Mol Psychiatry

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“…Volumetric abnormalities in various brain areas have been reported in the non-psychotic first-degree relatives of schizophrenia patients (25)(26)(27), but there have been relatively few studies of basal ganglia structure in this population. Reduced volume of the right putamen has been reported in the unaffected siblings of subjects with schizophrenia (28).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Basal Ganglia Shape Abnormalities in the Unaffected Siblings of Schizophrenia Patients

Mamah¹,

Harms²,

Wang³

et al. 2008

Biological Psychiatry

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Objective-Abnormalities of basal ganglia structure in schizophrenia have been attributed to the effects of antipsychotic drugs. Our aim was to test the hypothesis that abnormalities of basal ganglia structure are intrinsic features of schizophrenia, by assessing basal ganglia volume and shape in the unaffected siblings of schizophrenia subjects.Method-The study involved 25 pairs of schizophrenia subjects and their unaffected siblings and 40 pairs of healthy controls and their siblings. Large deformation, high-dimensional brain mapping was used to obtain surface representations of the caudate, putamen, and globus pallidus. Surfaces were derived from transformations of anatomical templates and shapes were analyzed using reduceddimensional measures of surface variability (i.e. principal components and canonical analysis). Canonical functions were derived using schizophrenia and control groups, and were then used to compare shapes in the sibling groups. To visualize shape differences, maps of the estimated surface displacement between groups were created.Results-In the caudate, putamen and globus pallidus, the degree of shape abnormality observed in the siblings of the schizophrenia subjects was intermediate between the schizophrenia subjects and the controls. In the schizophrenia subjects, significant correlations were observed between measures of caudate, putamen and globus pallidus structure and the selected measures of lifetime psychopathology.Conclusions-Attenuated abnormalities of basal ganglia structure are present in the unaffected siblings of schizophrenia subjects. This finding implies that basal ganglia structural abnormalities observed in subjects with schizophrenia are at least in part an intrinsic feature of the illness. KeywordsSchizophrenia; Siblings; Basal Ganglia; Caudate; Putamen; Globus Pallidus Corresponding Author: Daniel Mamah, M.D., M.P.E. Department of Psychiatry (Box 8134), Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid, St. Louis, MO 63110, (314) 747-2160, Fax: (314) 747-2182, E-mail: mamahd@psychiatry.wustl.edu. Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. Evidence from family, twin and adoption studies suggest that genetic factors play an important role in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia (1,2). Consistent with the involvement of genetic factors in schizophrenia, cognitive (3,4), neurologic (5,6) and neurobiological (7,8) abnormalities have been found in the unaffected relatives of schizophrenia subjects, generally in attenuated form. NIH Public AccessA number of lines of research suggest that basal ganglia abnormalities mi...

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Volumes of Brain Structures in Twins Discordant for Schizophrenia

Cited by 197 publications

References 31 publications

The Effects of Antipsychotics on the Brain: What Have We Learnt from Structural Imaging of Schizophrenia? – A Systematic Review

The Effects of Antipsychotics on the Brain: What Have We Learnt from Structural Imaging of Schizophrenia? – A Systematic Review

Intermediate phenotypes in schizophrenia genetics redux: is it a no brainer?

Basal Ganglia Shape Abnormalities in the Unaffected Siblings of Schizophrenia Patients

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