Volumetric capnography to diagnose venous air embolism in an anaesthetised horse

Sacks, Muriel; Mosing, Martina

doi:10.1111/vaa.12383

Cited by 16 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Experimental models indicate that air also causes microvascular injury, leading to pulmonary edema. [17][18][19] A similar clinical syndrome has been reported in previous equine cases, [10][11][12] and although arterial blood gases were rarely investigated in the cases in this report, pulmonary involvement is 1 possible explanation for the tachycardia and tachypnea commonly observed. Thoracic pain could also plausibly give rise to the signs of agitation and distress which were frequently a prominent feature, including violent kicking and flank-biting behavior sometimes interpreted as colic or pruritus.…”

Section: Post Mortem Findingssupporting

confidence: 87%

“…To date, only 7 cases of suspected air embolism associated with catheter disconnection have been reported in horses, 2 of which occurred during or immediately after general anesthesia . One further suspected case was reported during urinary tract endoscopy .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1,7 To date, only 7 cases of suspected air embolism associated with catheter disconnection have been reported in horses, 2 of which occurred during or immediately after general anesthesia. [8][9][10][11][12] One further suspected case was reported during urinary tract endoscopy. 13 The horses in these reports displayed a variety of clinical signs including agitation, apparent pruritus, muscle fasciculations, tachycardia, tachypnea, pulmonary edema, and neurologic signs including blindness, vestibular dysfunction, and seizures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Catheter‐associated venous air embolism in hospitalized horses: 32 cases

Parkinson

McKenzie

Barton

et al. 2018

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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BackgroundVenous air embolism is a potentially life‐threatening complication of IV catheter use in horses. Despite widespread anecdotal reports of their occurrence, few cases have been reported in the literature and the prognosis is currently unknown.Hypothesis/ObjectivesOur objective was to describe the surrounding circumstances, clinical signs, treatment, progression, and outcome of venous air embolism in hospitalized horses.AnimalsThirty‐two horses with acute onset of compatible clinical signs associated with IV catheter disconnection or damage.MethodsMulticenter retrospective study. Data extracted from clinical records included signalment, presenting complaint, catheter details, clinical signs, treatments, and outcome.ResultsMost cases resulted from extension set disconnection occurring within approximately 24 hours after catheter placement. In fewer horses, extension set damage was cited as a cause. Common clinical signs included tachycardia, tachypnea, recumbency, muscle fasciculations and agitation, with abnormal behavior including kicking and flank biting. Less commonly, pathological arrhythmias or more severe neurologic signs, including blindness and seizures, were noted. Progression was unpredictable, with some affected horses developing delayed‐onset neurologic signs. Mortality was 6/32 (19%), including 2 cases of sudden death and other horses euthanized because of persistent neurologic deficits. Negative outcomes were more common in horses with recorded blindness, sweating or recumbency, but blindness resolved in 5/8 affected horses.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceThe prognosis for resolution of clinical signs after air embolism is fair, but permanent neurologic deficits or pathologic cardiac arrhythmias can arise. Unpredictable progression warrants close monitoring. Systematic clinic‐based surveillance could provide additional useful information to aid prevention.

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Section: Post Mortem Findingssupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Catheter‐associated venous air embolism in hospitalized horses: 32 cases

Parkinson

McKenzie

Barton

et al. 2018

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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“…Clinically significant intravascular air injection (air embolism) is rare [128,129], but potentially fatal in horses [130] and should be avoided. Clinically significant intravascular air injection (air embolism) is rare [128,129], but potentially fatal in horses [130] and should be avoided.…”

Section: Adverse Eventsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of contrast media in computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging in horses: Techniques, adverse events and opportunities

Nelson

Goodrich

Barrett

et al. 2017

Equine Veterinary Journal

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The use of contrast media in computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is increasing in horses. These contrast-enhanced imaging techniques provide improved tissue delineation and evaluation, thereby expanding diagnostic capabilities. While generally considered safe, not all contrast media exhibit the same safety profiles. The safety of contrast media use and descriptions of adverse events occurring in horses are sparsely reported. This review summarises the reported evidence of contrast media use and adverse events that occur in horses, with added contribution from other veterinary species and studies in man for comparison. This comprehensive data set empowers equine clinicians to develop use and monitoring strategies when working with contrast media. Finally, it summarises the current state-of-the-art and highlights the potential applications of contrast-enhanced CT and MRI for assessment of diseased or injured equine tissues, as well as (patho)physiological processes.

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“…Air embolism can be confirmed on echocardiography or Doppler technologies. During anesthesia volumetric capnography can be used to diagnose venous air embolism (Sacks and Mosing, 2016).…”

Section: Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Complications of intravenous catheterization in horses

Schoster¹

2017

SAT

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Intravenous catheterization is a necessity for continuous administration of intravenous fluids and for intermittent intravenous access to avoid discomfort and potential complications of repeated needle insertions into the vein. Intravenous catheterization is commonly performed and well tolerated in horses, but catheter associated complications have been reported. The most commonly reported complication is thrombophlebitis, but others such as venous air embolism, exsanguination and catheter fragmentation may also occur. This article aims to review clinical signs, pathogenesis, diagnosis, therapy, risk factors and prevention of common catheter associated complications.

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Volumetric capnography to diagnose venous air embolism in an anaesthetised horse

Cited by 16 publications

References 3 publications

Catheter‐associated venous air embolism in hospitalized horses: 32 cases

Catheter‐associated venous air embolism in hospitalized horses: 32 cases

Use of contrast media in computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging in horses: Techniques, adverse events and opportunities

Complications of intravenous catheterization in horses

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