Volumetric compartmentalization of the cranial cerebrospinal fluid system determined radiographically in the cat

McCarthy, Lawrence E.; Borison, Herbert L.

doi:10.1002/ar.1091550304

Cited by 72 publications

(21 citation statements)

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“…Since the dead space of the perfusion system was 015 ml and the c.s.f. space from the ventricular cannula to cisterna, according to McCarthy & Borison (1966), was between 025 and 05 ml, the turnover time with complete volume displacement would be between 3 and 6 seconds. At the perfusion rate of 5 ml/min, a 5 s perfusion period would thus allow a complete exchange of test solution for artificial c.s.f.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Respiratory responses to chemical pulses in the cerebrospinal fluid of cats

Borison

Haranath

McCarthy

1972

British J Pharmacology

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Summary1. In cats anaesthetized with pentobarbitone, the fluid spaces in and around the brain stem were perfused from the third ventricle to the foramen magnum with artificial cerebrospinal fluid (c.s.f.) flowing usually at the rate of 5 ml/ minute. Test solutions were substituted for the artificial c.s.f. without switching artifact for periods varying from 5 to 60 seconds. Observations were made on respiratory excursions, end-expiratory % CO2 and arterial blood pressure. 2. Perfusion with sucrose solution equiosmolar with the c.s.f. produced no respiratory or cardiovascular response. Replacement of sodium with potassium (60 to 133 mM) resulted in a prompt but mild respiratory stimulation and a delayed fall in blood pressure associated with a slowing of the heart beat. Replacement of sodium with magnesium (40 to 131 mM) resulted in a late prolonged apneustic depression of breathing and in an early but slight reduction in blood pressure. 3. Procaine (1 to 50 mg/ml) elicited a respiratory response similar to that of excess magnesium; however, an initial rise in blood pressure to as high as 200 mmHg was evoked with procaine. Nicotine (0 05 to 0 5 mg/ml) produced an immediate brief bradypnea followed by a vigorous and slowly reversing hyperpnea accompanied most often by a fall in blood pressure. Tachyphylaxis was observed in the response to nicotine. Noradrenaline (0-001 and 0I mg/ml) did not produce any effect, and it did not alter the responses elicited by procaine and nicotine given by perfusion either simultaneous with or subsequent to the noradrenaline. Acetylcholine (0 5 mg/ml) produced weak transient respiratory stimulation and a small fluctuation in blood pressure which disappeared in repeated tests. Methacholine (1 mg/ml) caused a brief hyperpnea and a fall in blood pressure both of which were abolished after atropine (0-2 mg) was injected into the third ventricle. Pilocarpine (10 mg/ml) elicited no change in respiration or blood pressure. Respiratory and cardiovascular effects produced by strychnine (1 mg/ml) were attributable nonspecifically to convulsive movements of the animal. Ethamivan (1 mg/ml) produced a single deep breath and a slowly reversing rise in blood pressure. Cyanide (0 5 mg/ml) barely stimulated the respiration but it produced a long lasting rise in blood pressure. Ethyl alcohol (0-1 ml/ml) elicited brisk though brief respiratory stimulation and a short lasting fall in blood pressure. 4. It was shown that the effects of procaine and nicotine were not qualitatively altered when the perfusion effluent was collected through a ventral craniotomy instead of the cisterna magna.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In all experiments a cannula was placed stereotaxically in the third ventricle of the brain as described by McCarthy & Borison (1966). In twelve of the experiments, ventriculo-cistemal perfusion was carried out as shown in Figure 1.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Respiratory responses to chemical pulses in the cerebrospinal fluid of cats

Borison

Haranath

McCarthy

1972

British J Pharmacology

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“…The methods were the same as those described for cats -by Bhattacharya & Feldberg (1958a) for perfusion from the lateral ventricle and by Haranath, Premalatha & Sunanda-bai (1966) for perfusion from the spinal subarachnoid space. The Collison cannula used was that originally described by Feldberg & Sherwood (1953) as modified by McCarthy & Borison (1966).…”

Section: Perfusion Of the Liquor Spacesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Passage of intravenously administered tubocurarine into the liquor space in man and dog

Devasankaraiah

Haranath

Krishnamurty

1973

British J Pharmacology

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Summary1. In anaesthetized patients under controlled respiration, samples of lumbar cerebrospinal fluid were withdrawn 15 and 60 min after an intravenous injection of 30 mg tubocurarine. When tested on the frog rectus muscle preparation contracted by acetylcholine, they exerted curare-like activity which corresponded to between 0 05 and 0-33 ,ug/ml tubocurarine. 2. In dogs anaesthetized with pentobarbitone sodium and artificially ventilated, two procedures were adopted to find out if tubocurarine passes into the liquor space after an intravenous injection of 0-3 or 3 mg/kg and during its intravenous infusion at a rate of 10 (jug/kg)/minute. Either samples of cisternal cerebrospinal fluid (c.s.f.) were collected, or different regions of the liquor space were perfused with artificial c.s.f. and the effluent was collected. The samples of c.s.f. and the effluent were assayed for curare-like activity on the frog rectus muscle. 3. After the intravenous injection of tubocurarine samples of cisternal effluent collected during perfusion from lateral ventricle to cisterna exerted curare-like activity. It corresponded to 20 ng/min tubocurarine in the sample collected during the first 15 min after the injection of 0 3 mg/kg and to 40-60 ng/min in the samples collected up to 2 h after the injection of 3 mg/kg. 4 During intravenous infusion of tubocurarine the cisternal c.s.f. as well as the effluent from the perfused regions of the liquor space exhibited curare-like activity. Expressed in equivalents of tubocurarine, the activity in the cisternal c.s.f. ranged from between 0-1 and 0-75 ,ug/ml. On perfusion from lateral ventricle to aqueduct or cistema, the activity ranged from between 3 and 25 ng/min in the aqueductal and from between 4 and 40 ng/min in the cisternal effluent. On perfusion from the lumbar-spinal subarachnoid space to cisterna it ranged from between 6 and 55 ng/min in the cisternal effluent.

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“…in a volume not exceeding 0.25 ml, the effective volume being 0.2 ml. Implantation of the cannula in the cisterna magna of the cat was performed as described by McCarthy & Borison (1966). At the end of each experiment the position of the cannula was verified as described by Feldberg (1963).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

1977

British J Pharmacology

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Volumetric compartmentalization of the cranial cerebrospinal fluid system determined radiographically in the cat

Cited by 72 publications

References 1 publication

Respiratory responses to chemical pulses in the cerebrospinal fluid of cats

Respiratory responses to chemical pulses in the cerebrospinal fluid of cats

Passage of intravenously administered tubocurarine into the liquor space in man and dog

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