Voluntary and involuntary adaptation of walking to temporal and spatial constraints

Zijlstra, W. G.; Rutgers, A.W.F.; Hof, At L.; Weerden, T.W. van

doi:10.1016/0966-6362(95)90804-2

Cited by 75 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Results have shown also that smaller point estimate of relative phase in TW can be ascribed to significantly earlier occurrence of maximum backward rotation of the thigh. Since the end of the stance phase corresponds approximately to the instant of maximum backward rotation of the thigh and a shortening of the stance phase is associated to an increase of cadence (see Larsson et al 1980;Zijlstra et al 1995), the closer counter-phase oscillations of ipsilateral limbs observed in TW compared to OW, appears to be mainly related to a relative upscaling of the stride frequency which typically occurs when walking on a moving belt. This interpretation is enforced by the fact that a reduced point estimate of relative phase was found also in the subgroup of subjects (SW1) showing one oscillation per stride in both OW and TW, thus excluding the hypothesis that smaller point estimate of relative phase could be due to the lower incidence of 2:1 frequency coupling in slow treadmill walking.…”

Section: Different Inter-limb Relative Phase In Tw and Owmentioning

confidence: 94%

Coordination between upper- and lower-limb movements is different during overground and treadmill walking

et al. 2009

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Locomotion studies employ either treadmill (TW) or overground walking (OW), considering that differences between them are negligible. The present study tests this notion by comparing coordination between upper- and lower-limb movements in healthy individuals during OW and TW at matched speeds. Results indicated that TW induced a higher cadence, which highly influenced interlimb coordination, in terms of frequency coupling and relative phase between arm and thigh motion. At low speed, the 2:1 pattern (double arm swing per stride) displayed lower incidence in TW compared to OW, and this was correlated with a lower sagittal acceleration at the shoulders, at twice the stride frequency, in the former condition. The low occurrence of the 2:1 coupling in TW, moreover, was correlated to a preferential adoption of a cadence exceeding 80% of the arm's resonant frequency, whereas higher incidence of this pattern in OW involved a preferential cadence below the 80% threshold. Results indicated also that the relative phase between arm and ipsilateral thigh swinging was smaller in TW, in relation to an earlier occurrence of maximum thigh extension, shortened stance phase, and increased cadence. These findings suggest that arm-leg coordination is different in OW and TW, and that difference can be mainly ascribed to condition-specific setting of central mechanisms for scaling stride frequency, for controlling dynamic axial posture (sagittal shoulder acceleration), and, possibly, for maintaining inter-limb synchrony. Awareness of a different "motor set" in TW and OW is critical if data from the two paradigms are used in physiological and patho-physiological studies.

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Section: Different Inter-limb Relative Phase In Tw and Owmentioning

confidence: 94%

Coordination between upper- and lower-limb movements is different during overground and treadmill walking

et al. 2009

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“…Some typical examples are the use of conducting foot switches [1], pressure-sensitive foot switches [2 Á/4], ground reaction forces (GRFs) [5,6], or the analysis of foot displacement patterns [7,8]. However, these methods are often impractical or even impossible to use when gait is studied under real-life conditions, e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of spatio-temporal gait parameters from trunk accelerations during human walking

2003

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“…Gait with reduced step length results in spending a proportionally longer time in the relatively stable periods of double-support and less in the more unstable single-support phase of the gait cycle (e.g. see Zijlstra et al 1995Zijlstra et al , 1998.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The step length–frequency relationship in physically active community-dwelling older women

Zijlstra

Bruin²,

Bruins

et al. 2008

Eur J Appl Physiol

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This study evaluated the step length-frequency relationship in physically active community-dwelling older women in order to investigate whether the relationship between these two spatio-temporal gait parameters changes with increasing age. Forty older women in four age groups, i.e. 64-69, 70-74, 75-79 and 80-85 year olds, participated in the study. Subjects walked at Wve diVerent self-selected speeds and while simultaneously performing an additional cognitive and/or upper-extremity motor task. Gait parameters were determined from forward accelerations measured by a tri-axial accelerometer on the lower back. All subjects demonstrated a strong linear relationship between step length and step frequency for walking at diVerent speeds. No evidence for a change in the step length-frequency relationship with age was found, suggesting that there are no diVerences between physically active older women of diVerent age groups regarding the adoption of a "cautious gait", i.e. a gait pattern characterized by a reduced step length.

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Voluntary and involuntary adaptation of walking to temporal and spatial constraints

Cited by 75 publications

References 4 publications

Coordination between upper- and lower-limb movements is different during overground and treadmill walking

Coordination between upper- and lower-limb movements is different during overground and treadmill walking

Assessment of spatio-temporal gait parameters from trunk accelerations during human walking

The step length–frequency relationship in physically active community-dwelling older women

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