“…Hackmann, Clark & McManus, 2000;Homer & Deeprose, 2017) and causes anxiety, negative affect, decreased self-esteem, and poorer social performance (Hulme, Hirsch, & Stopa, 2012;Moscovitch et al, 2011;Hirsch, Clark, Mathews & Williams, 2003;Hirsch, Meynen & Clark, 2004; see Ng et al, 2014 for a review). In line with research showing that voluntary and involuntary memories can be independent (Conway and Pleydell-Pearce, 2000;Ehlers and Clark, 2000;Brewin and Holmes, 2003), intrusive social anxiety imagery is phenomenologically different to voluntarily generated imagery (for example, it may comprise self-representations or prospective imagery rather than contextualised episodic memories) and is associated with higher levels of anxiety (Homer & Deeprose, 2017). This study sought to extend the EMs paradigm to intrusive, involuntary imagery in a sub-clinical socially anxious sample, to yield stronger clinical implications than previous research using voluntarily-generated images in healthy samples.…”