Voluntary feed intake and feeding behaviour of group-housed growing pigs are affected by ambient temperature and body weight

Quiniou, Nathalie; Dubois, Serge; Noblet, Jean

doi:10.1016/s0301-6226(99)00135-9

Cited by 185 publications

(196 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…It can then be suggested that the high relative humidity used in the present experiment emphasised the negative effect of high ambient temperature on pig feed consumption. In addition, as shown by Nienaber et al (1987) and Quiniou et al (2000) in growing pigs, the effect of ambient temperature on feed intake is quadratic, suggesting that the extent to which temperature affects feed intake depends on the temperature level. Below 368C, increase of N digestibility from the first and the last 10-day exposure was not temperature dependent.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Effect of temperature level on thermal acclimation in Large White growing pigs

Renaudeau

Kerdoncuff

Anais³

et al. 2008

Animal

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The effect of temperature level (248C, 288C, 328C or 368C) on performance and thermoregulatory response in growing pigs during acclimation to high ambient temperature was studied on a total of 96 Large White barrows. Pigs were exposed to 248C for 10 days (days 210 to 21, P0) and thereafter to a constant temperature of 248C, 288C, 328C or 368C for 20 days. Pigs were housed in individual metal slatted pens, allowing a separate collection of faeces and urine and given ad libitum access to feed. Rectal (RT) and cutaneous (CT) temperatures and respiration rate (RR) were measured three times daily (0700, 1200 and 1800 h) every 2 to 3 days during the experiment. From day 1 to 20, the effect of temperature on average daily feed intake (ADFI) and BW gain (average daily gain, ADG) was curvilinear. The decrease of ADFI averaged 90 g/day per 8C between 248C and 328C and 128 g/day per 8C between 328C and 368C. The corresponding values for ADG were 50 and 72 g/day per 8C, respectively. The 20 days exposure to the experimental temperature was divided in two sub-periods (P1 and P2, from day 1 to 10 and from day 11 to 20, respectively). ADFI was not affected by duration of high-temperature exposure (i.e. P2 v. P1). The ADG was not influenced by the duration of exposure at 248C and 288C groups. However, ADG was higher at P2 than at P1 and this effect was temperature dependent (1130 and 1458 g/day at 328C and 368C, respectively). In P2 at 368C, dry matter digestibility significantly increased (12.1%, P , 0.01); however, there was no effect of either duration or temperature on the digestibility of dry matter at group 248C and 328C. RT, CT and RR were measured three times daily (0700, 1200 and 1800 h) every 2 to 3 days during the experiment. Between 288C and 368C, RT and CT were lower during P2 than during P1 (20.208C and 20.238C; P , 0.05), whereas RR response was not affected by the duration of exposure whatever the temperature level. In conclusion, this study suggests that the effect of elevated temperatures on performance and thermoregulatory responses is dependent on the magnitude and the duration of heat stress.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Effect of temperature level on thermal acclimation in Large White growing pigs

Renaudeau

Kerdoncuff

Anais³

et al. 2008

Animal

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“…Consequently, with the temperature fluctuations noted in this experiment (Figure 2), both Hoop-and CON-finished pigs were exposed to temperature fluctuations above and below their thermoneutral target, with the more extreme exposure being in the Hoop-finished pigs. Generally, pigs exposed to colder temperatures will have increased levels of feed intake with a decrease in feed utilisation for lean gain due to maintenance requirement of the animal for body heat (Quiniou et al, 2000). Interestingly, there were no replication effects on ADG or feed efficiency on either treatment group.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Effects of deep-bedded finishing system on market pig performance, composition and pork quality

Patton

Huff-Lonergan

Honeyman

et al. 2008

Animal

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The purpose of this study was to compare effects of finishing environment on growth performance, pork quality and lipid composition of pork. Environments compared were standard confinement (CON) and deep-bedded semi-outdoor systems. The deep-bedded method employed in the current study was the use of hoop structures. Hoops are large, tent-like shelters with cornstalks or straw for bedding. Gilts ranging in weight from 59 to 71 kg were randomly assigned to treatments of Hoop (n 5 50) and CON (n 5 18) environments. Gilts were fed a two-phase dietary sequence, ad libitum for 45 days. Six gilts per treatment were selected for carcass composition and quality evaluation. The experiment was replicated a total of five times. Pigs raised in the Hoop environment gained significantly less and required significantly more feed for growth than pigs raised in the CON environment. Carcasses from CON-finished pigs were significantly fatter at the 10th rib, which lowered carcass percentage fat-free lean(FFL) and they also had greater loin marbling scores compared with carcasses from Hoop-finished pigs (P , 0.05). Significant replication effects were noted on beginning weight, live weight, carcass weight, percentage FFL, backfat, lipid content and adipose firmness. Carcasses from Hoop pigs had lower proportions of palmitic acid (P , 0.05), and higher proportions of oleic and linoleic acid (P , 0.05) in the inner layer of adipose tissue. The proportion of saturated fatty acid was lower, and that of mono-and poly-unsaturated fatty acid was higher in the inner layer of the adipose tissue of Hoop pigs. Variations in fatty acid composition and lipid deposition may have been caused by environmental temperature, since decreases in environmental temperature accompanied compositional variation of the adipose, leading to higher proportions of monounsaturated fatty acid and lower proportions of saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acid in adipose tissue, regardless of treatment. Volatile profile analysis revealed that adipose tissue of Hoop pigs had significantly higher amounts of 3-butanal and heptanal compared with CON pigs, which may be related to the amount of oleic and linoleic acids composing the adipose tissue. These data indicate finishing pigs in hoop structures allows for exposure to fluctuating temperatures, which may influence the growth of pigs, as well as fatty acid composition and firmness of pork products.

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“…Quiniou et al (2000) observaram que relação direta entre temperatura, consumo de ração e peso vivo e concluíram que os animais mais pesados são mais sensíveis à temperaturas elevadas.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Efeitos da temperatura ambiente sobre o desempenho de suínos dos 30 aos 60 kg

Manno¹,

Oliveira²,

Donzele³

et al. 2006

R. Bras. Zootec.

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RESUMO -Este estudo foi conduzido para avaliar o efeito da temperatura ambiente sobre o desempenho, a composição de carcaça e os parâmetros fisiológicos de suínos de 30 a 60 kg. Foram utilizados 36 machos castrados (Landrace x Large White), com peso inicial de 29,94 ± 0,49 kg, dispostos, durante 35 dias, em três tratamentos, com seis repetições e dois animais por unidade experimental. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado e os tratamentos consistiram em: T1 -ambiente de calor (32 o C) e alimentação à vontade; T2 -ambiente termoneutro (22 o C) e alimentação à vontade; T3 -ambiente termoneutro (22 o C) e alimentação equivalente ao consumo à vontade dos animais submetidos ao ambiente de calor. A temperatura ambiente elevada provocou redução do consumo de ração, porém melhorou a conversão alimentar e a eficiência de utilização de lisina para ganho. A deposição de gordura foi menor nos tratamentos 1 e 3, porém, apenas os animais em conforto térmico com alimentação pareada apresentaram declínio na deposição de proteína. Os pesos de jejum e de carcaça dos animais em estresse por calor foram menores que os dos animais em conforto térmico com alimentação à vontade, porém superiores aos dos animais com alimentação pareada. Os tratamentos não influenciaram o rendimento de carcaça e os pesos relativos dos órgãos avaliados, com exceção do estômago, que foi menor no T3. Os parâmetros fisiológicos temperaturas de superfície e freqüência respiratória foram influenciados negativamente pela alta temperatura (T1), mas a temperatura retal não foi alterada pelos tratamentos. Na fase de crescimento, a alta temperatura mantém deposição de proteína na carcaça, mas interfere negativamente no desempenho dos suínos, de modo que seus efeitos não se limitam à redução do consumo de ração. However only animals on thermal comfort with pair feeding showed a decreasing protein deposition. The animals on heat stress showed lower fasting and carcass weights than those animals on thermal comfort with ad libitum feeding. The animals on heat stress showed fasting and carcass weights higher than those with pair feeding. The treatments did not affect carcass yield and relative weights of the evaluated organs, exception for stomach, that was smaller in T3. The physiological parameters (surface temperature and respiratory rate) were negatively affected by high temperature (T1). Rectal temperature was not influenced by the treatments. It was concluded that in the growing phase high temperature decreased pig performance and maintained a protein deposition in carcass, and this effect is not limitant to decrease feed intake.

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Voluntary feed intake and feeding behaviour of group-housed growing pigs are affected by ambient temperature and body weight

Cited by 185 publications

References 13 publications

Effect of temperature level on thermal acclimation in Large White growing pigs

Effect of temperature level on thermal acclimation in Large White growing pigs

Effects of deep-bedded finishing system on market pig performance, composition and pork quality

Efeitos da temperatura ambiente sobre o desempenho de suínos dos 30 aos 60 kg

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