Voluntary Task Switching

Arrington, Catherine M.; Reiman, Kaitlin M.; Weaver, Starla M.

doi:10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780199921959.003.0006

Cited by 46 publications

(57 citation statements)

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“…Only a quarter of the subjects run in Experiment 2 provided useable data, because most subjects either exclusively performed one task or switched between tasks at a very low rate. While this pattern is consistent with other studies of VTS using unconstrained instructions (Arrington et al, 2014), it appears to contrast with studies of free choice decisions that allow subjects to freely decide between two tasks or responses (Soon, He, Bode, & Haynes, 2013), where choice does not show a strong repetition bias even without explicit instructions to make the choices at random. Critical factors such as the type of task and the speed at which the decision must be performed differ between these paradigms and our understanding of free choice processes would benefit from a systematic investigation of the differences between these situations.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

“…Experiment 2 considers whether such naturally-occurring biases in task frequency affect the influence of external stimuli on task choice. In the absence of instructions regarding how to select and sequence tasks, subjects performing VTS often select one task with greater frequency (Arrington, Reiman, & Weaver, 2014; Kessler, Shencar, & Meiran, 2009). With tasks, stimuli, and timing identical to Experiment 1, subjects performed VTS without instructions on how to select tasks.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Experiment 1is a constrained environment where instructions dictate both task frequency and transitions; whereas Experiment 2 is less constrained with no instructions guiding task selection. Looking across the experiments, the influence of stimulus availability was greater in Experiment 2 when there were fewer constraints guiding task selection, suggesting that as top-down goals are minimized participants may rely more on environmental influences to guide task selection (Arrington, et al, 2014). Furthermore, these experiments make an important methodological point about the VTS paradigm.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Task frequency influences stimulus-driven effects on task selection during voluntary task switching

Arrington

Reiman

2015

Psychon Bull Rev

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Task selection during voluntary task switching involves both top-down, goal-directed and bottom-up, stimulus-driven mechanisms. The factors that shift the balance between these two mechanisms are not well characterized. In the current research, we studied the role that task frequency plays in determining the extent of stimulus-driven task selection. Two experiments used the basic paradigm adapted from Arrington (2008), in which the effect of stimulus availability serves as a marker of stimulus-driven task selection. A number and letter appeared on each trial with varying stimulus onset asynchrony and subjects performed either a consonant/vowel or even/odd judgment. In Experiment 1, subjects were instructed as to the relative frequency with which each task was to be performed (i.e. 50/50, 60/40, or 75/25) and were further instructed to make their transitions between tasks unpredictable. In Experiment 2, subjects were given no instructions about how to select tasks, resulting in naturally-occurring variation in task frequency. Both with instructed (Experiment 1) and naturally-occurring (Experiment 2) relative task frequency, the less frequently performed task showed a greater effect of stimulus availability on task selection, suggestive of a larger influence of stimulus-driven mechanisms during task performance for the less frequent task. When goal-directed mechanisms of task choice are engaged less frequently, the relative influence of the stimulus environment increases.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Task frequency influences stimulus-driven effects on task selection during voluntary task switching

Arrington

Reiman

2015

Psychon Bull Rev

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“…In this “double registration paradigm”, participants first indicate the selection of a task and then execute it. Arrington, Reiman, and Weaver (2014) note that “this procedure is thought to allow for better isolation of processes associated with the task selection and task performance” (p. 118 – 119). The mechanisms involved in the selection of a task are different from those involved in the execution of that task.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What do I choose? Influence of interlocutor awareness on bilingual language choice during voluntary object naming

Kapiley

Mishra

2018

Bilingualism

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In two experiments with Telugu–English bilinguals, we examined if bilingual speakers are sensitive towards an interlocutor's (cartoon) relative language proficiency when they voluntarily selected a language for object naming. After familiarization with four different cartoons with varied L2 proficiency, participants did a voluntary naming task. In Experiment 1, participants explicitly indicated their choice of language before naming objects. In Experiment 2, participants named the objects directly. In both experiments, language choices and switchrates were thoroughly modulated by the participants’ perceived linguistic ability of the cartoon. However, awareness of perceived proficiency of the cartoons did not modulate naming latency. These results provide strong support for the adaptive control hypothesis, showing that bilingual speakers are sensitive to their interlocutor's language needs and this influences how they plan their language use. The results provide evidence of speakers taking into consideration the language proficiency of interlocutors, suggesting extreme adaptability of the bilingual mind.

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“…Whereas the processes underlying the task-repetition bias, and task selection in general, have been investigated extensively in the past years (see, Arrington, Reiman, & Weaver, 2014 for a review), less attention has been paid to the processes underlying the switch cost in VTS. Because the switch cost in VTS follows the endogenous decision of performing a particular task, Arrington and Logan (2005) proposed that this switch cost may offer a more valid proxy of executive control compared to the switch cost measured in other task-switching procedures.…”

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confidence: 99%

The contribution of task-choice response selection to the switch cost in voluntary task switching

Liefooghe

2017

Acta Psychologica

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Mental flexibility not only enables us to switch between tasks but also to select the tasks we want to perform. The latter scenario is central to voluntary task switching, in which participants are free to select on each trial which task to perform. The present study argues that voluntary task switching also includes and additional component, namely task-choice response selection. Task-choice response selection refers to the whole chain of processes involved in the overt report or indication of the task that was selected by emitting an arbitrary response. Task-choice response selection is not required to voluntarily switch between tasks, but serves the measurement of participants' covert task selection. The results of two experiments indicate that the contribution of task-choice response selection to switch performance in voluntary task switching is substantial. It is proposed that task-choice response selection delays the top-down retrieval of task rules in voluntary task switching.

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Voluntary Task Switching

Cited by 46 publications

References 0 publications

Task frequency influences stimulus-driven effects on task selection during voluntary task switching

Task frequency influences stimulus-driven effects on task selection during voluntary task switching

What do I choose? Influence of interlocutor awareness on bilingual language choice during voluntary object naming

The contribution of task-choice response selection to the switch cost in voluntary task switching

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